Application of the international prognostic scoring System-Revised in therapy-related myelodysplastic syndromes and oligoblastic acute myeloid leukemia

Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN) occur in patients who received cytotoxic therapies for prior malignancy or, rarely, for non-malignant diseases.1 With the improvement of chemotherapeutic regimens and supportive care measures, increased long-term cancer survivors have lead to an increased incidence of t-MN. t-MN, including therapy-related myelodysplastic syndromes (t-MDS) and therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML), are clinically aggressive compared with their de novo counterparts.2 Owing to a generally poor outcome of affected patients,3 in the 2008 World Health Organization (WHO) classification, t-MDS and t-AML are not considered sufficiently distinctive and classified together under t-MN.