Walnuts are among the most important nut crops grown in temperate regions of the world. Commercial production in California, and increasingly worldwide, relies on only few clonally grafted scion genotypes, particularly “Chandler,” and more recently clonally propagated disease-resistant rootstocks. Diseases, nematodes, insect pests, abiotic stresses, and other nutritional and environmental factors, can reduce walnut productivity and quality, affecting grower profitability. The California Walnut Breeding Program at UC Davis has developed and released scion cultivars and rootstocks to help address some of these problems. Sequencing of the walnut genome is expected to speed walnut breeding by facilitating development of molecular markers that can be linked to phenotypic traits, and by reducing the time needed to screen new genotypes. Nonetheless, conventional breeding of tree crops is still a long-term proposition. Here we describe a toolkit that utilizes the CRISPR-Cas9 system to enable rapid and precise editing of the genomes of currently grown commercial clonal walnut genotypes. A computational tool was developed to aid selection of guide RNAs targeting specific genomic sites of this crop and to identify potential off-target sites. As a proof-of-concept, the gene encoding phytoene desaturase (PDS) of walnut was targeted, disrupting its expression. A dominant visual phenotype associated with the successful editing of this gene was observed in non-pigmented “albino” shoots obtained from in vitro cultures. This toolkit can now be adapted to other important tree crop members of the order Fagales, which includes other valuable nut and tree species such as pecans, butternuts, chestnuts, hickory nuts, hazelnut, wingnut, and oaks.

Deploying Genome Editing Tools for Dissecting the Biology of Nut Trees / Walawage S.L.; Zaini P.A.; Mubarik M.S.; Martinelli F.; Balan B.; Caruso T.; Leslie C.A.; Dandekar A.M.. - In: FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS. - ISSN 2571-581X. - ELETTRONICO. - 3:(2019), pp. 1-9. [10.3389/fsufs.2019.00100]

Deploying Genome Editing Tools for Dissecting the Biology of Nut Trees

Martinelli F.;
2019

Abstract

Walnuts are among the most important nut crops grown in temperate regions of the world. Commercial production in California, and increasingly worldwide, relies on only few clonally grafted scion genotypes, particularly “Chandler,” and more recently clonally propagated disease-resistant rootstocks. Diseases, nematodes, insect pests, abiotic stresses, and other nutritional and environmental factors, can reduce walnut productivity and quality, affecting grower profitability. The California Walnut Breeding Program at UC Davis has developed and released scion cultivars and rootstocks to help address some of these problems. Sequencing of the walnut genome is expected to speed walnut breeding by facilitating development of molecular markers that can be linked to phenotypic traits, and by reducing the time needed to screen new genotypes. Nonetheless, conventional breeding of tree crops is still a long-term proposition. Here we describe a toolkit that utilizes the CRISPR-Cas9 system to enable rapid and precise editing of the genomes of currently grown commercial clonal walnut genotypes. A computational tool was developed to aid selection of guide RNAs targeting specific genomic sites of this crop and to identify potential off-target sites. As a proof-of-concept, the gene encoding phytoene desaturase (PDS) of walnut was targeted, disrupting its expression. A dominant visual phenotype associated with the successful editing of this gene was observed in non-pigmented “albino” shoots obtained from in vitro cultures. This toolkit can now be adapted to other important tree crop members of the order Fagales, which includes other valuable nut and tree species such as pecans, butternuts, chestnuts, hickory nuts, hazelnut, wingnut, and oaks.
2019
3
1
9
Goal 13: Climate action
Walawage S.L.; Zaini P.A.; Mubarik M.S.; Martinelli F.; Balan B.; Caruso T.; Leslie C.A.; Dandekar A.M.
File in questo prodotto:
File Dimensione Formato  
walawage et al. 2019.pdf

accesso aperto

Tipologia: Pdf editoriale (Version of record)
Licenza: Open Access
Dimensione 1.13 MB
Formato Adobe PDF
1.13 MB Adobe PDF

I documenti in FLORE sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.

Utilizza questo identificatore per citare o creare un link a questa risorsa: https://hdl.handle.net/2158/1198670
Citazioni
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.pmc??? ND
  • Scopus 12
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.isi??? 11
social impact