Manganoquadratite, AgMnAsS3, a new manganese-bearing sulfosalt from the Uchucchacua polymetallic deposit, Lima Department, Peru:Description and crystal structure

Manganoquadratite, ideally AgMnAsS3, is a new mineral from the Uchucchacua polymetallic deposit, Oyon district, Catajambo, Lima Department, Peru. It occurs as dark grey, anhedral to subhedral grains up 0.5 mm across, closely associated with alabandite, Mn-rich calcite, Mn-rich sphalerite, proustite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, tennantite, argentotennantite, stannite, and other unnamed minerals of the system Pb-Ag-Sb-Mn-As-S. Manganoquadratite is opaque with a metallic luster and possesses a reddish-brown streak. It is brittle, with uneven fracture. The Vickers microhardness (VHN10) is 81 kg/mm2 (range 75 - 96) (corresponding Mohs hardness of 2 - 2½). The calculated density is 4.680 g/cm3 (on the basis of the empirical formula). In plane-polarized reflected light, manganoquadratite is moderately bireflectant and very weakly pleochroic from dark grey to a blue grey. Internal reflections are absent. Between crossed polars, the mineral is anisotropic, without characteristic rotation tints. Reflectance percentages (Rmin and Rmax) for the four standard COM wavelengths are 29.5, 31.8 (471.1 nm), 28.1, 30.5 (548.3 nm), 27.3, 29.3 (586.6 nm), and 26.0, 28.2 (652.3 nm), respectively. Manganoquadratite is tetragonal, space group P4322, with unit-cell parameters: a 5.4496(5), c 32.949(1) Å, V 978.5(1) Å3, c:a 6.046, Z 8. The structure, refined to R1 = 0.0863 for 907 reflections with Fo > 4σ(Fo), consists of a stacking along [001] of alabandite-like Mn2S2 layers connected to each to other by a couple of AgAsS2 sheets where As3+ forms typical AsS3 groups whereas Ag+ cations are five-fold coordinated. The six strongest lines in the observed X-ray powder-diffraction pattern [d in Å (I/I0) (hkl)] are: 3.14 (60) (116), 2.739 (50) (0012), 2.710 (100) (200), 1.927(70) (2012 + 220), 1.645 (25) (3016), and 1.573 (20) (2212). Electron-microprobe analyses gave the chemical formula (on the basis of six atoms (Ag0.95Cu0.05)Σ=1.00(Mn0.96Pb0.04)Σ=1.00(As0.87Sb0.14)Σ=1.01S2.99, leading to the simplified formula AgMnAsS3. The name was chosen to indicate the close analogy of the formula and unit-cell dimensions with quadratite, Ag(Cd,Pb)(As,Sb)S3. The new mineral and mineral name have been approved by the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification, IMA 2011-008.