Skewing towards neuroendocrine phenotype in high grade or high stage androgen-responsive primary prostate cancer.

The prognostic influence of neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation in prostate cancer patients is not yet properly established. In a series of primary hormone-naive prostate cancers from a patient population that underwent radical prostatectomy, we wanted to determine the relationship between NE phenotype expression and Gleason sum, disease stage, and serum PSA concentration.Chromogranin A (CgA) expression was scored and compared in 105 consecutive primary prostate cancers with their homologous preoperative tumor prostate biopsies.High grade or high stage prostate cancers expressed a significantly higher CgA score than low grade or localized diseases (p < 0.005). Both the CgA score of the surgical specimens and the PSA level in the serum increased linearly (p = 0.001). In the samples of many corresponding tumor biopsies no significant CgA staining was found.NE differentiation in primary untreated prostate cancer is closely associated with the major prognostic parameters of survival. This association cannot be shown by evaluating the CgA staining in tumor biopsies.