The Campanian Plain in southern Italy is dominated by the presence of four volcanoes, of which Somma-Vesuvius, Phlegraean Fields and Ischia are still active. Despite the activity of these volcanoes, the plain has been the site of a millenary inhabitation by humans due to soil fertility and its commercially and strategically favourable position in the Mediterranean basin. From Neolithic to Bronze Age, many eruptions of these volcanoes have affected local environment and human populations. Until the Late Eneolithic, a series of Phlegraean eruptions, the largest of which was the Agnano-Monte Spina (4671 ± 91 cal. B. P.), determined modification in the environmental setting of the area and forced indigenous farmers settled in the area, to move away. When the Phlegraean Fields caldera entered a period of quiescence, the Early Bronze Age Avellino eruption, the highest intensity event of the entire history of Somma-Vesuvius, stroke the area. It produced catastrophic effects on the plain and on the human settlers. The Avellino eruption predates by about three centuries the much larger Minoan eruption of Santorini which strongly impacted on the eastern Mediterranean. It was followed by two high magnitude events (AP1 and AP2), one of which was likely contemporaneous to the Minoan eruption. The results of volcanological and archaeological investigations demonstrate that after each of the Neapolitan volcanoes eruptions, including the Avellino one, humans abandoned the area and shortly after resettled in. The relationships between the activity of the Neapolitan volcanoes and the Minoan eruption of Santorini, and human settlements, show that volcanism deeply influenced human development in central and eastern Mediterranean from Neolithic to Bronze Age, without however precluding the possibility to keep on living in the same areas.
The Campanian Plain during the Bronze Age: development of volcanism and impact of the Vesuvius Avellino eruption in a densely populated area / Orsi G; R. CIONI;Di Renzo V. - STAMPA. - 9:(2013), pp. 117-134. (Intervento presentato al convegno 1600 – Cultural Change in the shadow oft he Thera-Eruption.).
The Campanian Plain during the Bronze Age: development of volcanism and impact of the Vesuvius Avellino eruption in a densely populated area.
CIONI, RAFFAELLO;
2013
Abstract
The Campanian Plain in southern Italy is dominated by the presence of four volcanoes, of which Somma-Vesuvius, Phlegraean Fields and Ischia are still active. Despite the activity of these volcanoes, the plain has been the site of a millenary inhabitation by humans due to soil fertility and its commercially and strategically favourable position in the Mediterranean basin. From Neolithic to Bronze Age, many eruptions of these volcanoes have affected local environment and human populations. Until the Late Eneolithic, a series of Phlegraean eruptions, the largest of which was the Agnano-Monte Spina (4671 ± 91 cal. B. P.), determined modification in the environmental setting of the area and forced indigenous farmers settled in the area, to move away. When the Phlegraean Fields caldera entered a period of quiescence, the Early Bronze Age Avellino eruption, the highest intensity event of the entire history of Somma-Vesuvius, stroke the area. It produced catastrophic effects on the plain and on the human settlers. The Avellino eruption predates by about three centuries the much larger Minoan eruption of Santorini which strongly impacted on the eastern Mediterranean. It was followed by two high magnitude events (AP1 and AP2), one of which was likely contemporaneous to the Minoan eruption. The results of volcanological and archaeological investigations demonstrate that after each of the Neapolitan volcanoes eruptions, including the Avellino one, humans abandoned the area and shortly after resettled in. The relationships between the activity of the Neapolitan volcanoes and the Minoan eruption of Santorini, and human settlements, show that volcanism deeply influenced human development in central and eastern Mediterranean from Neolithic to Bronze Age, without however precluding the possibility to keep on living in the same areas.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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