Essenza e Natura: Husserl e Merleau-Ponty sulla fondazione dell'essere vivente

The phenomenological notion of Eidos traditionally implies an underlying metaphor, which we could define as spatial and which is founded in turn on the pervasiveness of the notion of representation. The description of psychic states is carried out with constant use of the notion of determination and notions associated with it: aspectuality, accessibility to perspective, viewpoint. Such a metaphor impels phenomenology to understand thought as a geographical territory whose essential component can be identified in the notion of map. Opaque notions such as those of background, horizon, indistinct, latency assume a descriptive sense only in so far as they depend on clear notions such as focus, explicit, distinct, manifest. Merleau-Ponty adopts a profoundly different conception of essence, characterized by a temporal and dynamicpoint of view. From the epistemological point of view, Merleu-Ponty's position ratifies the priority of the indeterminate and of the sub-categorical from which consciusness takes its starting point genetically. From the ontological point of view, the crucial notion of lesh offers a phenomenological foundation of living being in its natural (even though not naturalistic) frame.