International genome-wide meta-analysis identifies new primary biliary cirrhosis risk loci and targetable pathogenic pathways

Cordell, Heather J.; Han, Younghun; Mells, George F.; Yafang, Li; Hirschfield, Gideon M.; Greene, Casey S.; Xie, Gang; Juran 7, Brian D.; Dakai Zhu, 2; Qian 2, David C.; Floyd, James A. B.; Morley, Katherine I.; Daniele Prati 11,; Ana Lleo 12,; Cusi, Daniele; Eric Gershwin 15, M.; Anderson 8, Carl A.; Lazaridis 7, Konstantinos N.; Invernizzi, Pietro; Seldin 15, Michael F.; Sandford, Richard N.; Amos 2, Christopher I.; Siminovitch, Katherine A.; Schlicht 7, Erik M.; Craig Lammert, 7; Atkinson 19, Elizabeth J.; Chan 19, Landon L.; Mariza de Andrade 19,; Tobias Balschun 20,; Mason 21, Andrew L.; Myers 22, Robert P.; Jinyi Zhang 23,; Piotr Milkiewicz 24,; Jia Qu 25,; Odin 26, Joseph A.; Luketic 27, Velimir A.; Bacon 28, Bruce R.; Bodenheimer Jr 29, Henry C.; Valentina Liakina 30,; Catherine Vincent 31,; Cynthia Levy 32,; Gregersen, Peter K.; Almasio, 33 Piero L.; Domenico Alvaro 35,; Pietro Andreone 36,; Angelo Andriulli 37,; Cristina Barlassina 38,; Pier Maria Battezzati 39,; Antonio Benedetti 40,; Francesca Bernuzzi 41,; Ilaria Bianchi 41,; Maria Consiglia Bragazzi 42,; Maurizia Brunetto 43,; Savino Bruno 41,; Giovanni Casella 44,; Barbara Coco 43,; Agostino Colli 45,; Massimo Colombo 46,; Silvia Colombo 47,; Carmela Cursaro 36,; Lory Saveria Croce, ` 48; Andrea Crosignani 39,; Maria Francesca Donato 46,; Gianfranco Elia 49,; Luca Fabris 50,; Carlo Ferrari 49,; Annarosa Floreani 51,; Barbara Foglieni 11,; Rosanna Fontana 37,; Galli, Andrea; Roberta Lazzari 51,; Fabio Macaluso 34,; Federica Malinverno 46,; Marra, Fabio; Marco Marzioni 40,; Alberto Mattalia 54,; Renzo Montanari 55,; Lorenzo Morini 56,; Filomena Morisco 57,; Mousa Hani S., 41; Luigi Muratori 36,; Paolo Muratori 36,; Niro 37, Grazia A.; Palmieri 58, Vincenzo O.; Antonio Picciotto 59,; Mauro Podda 41,; Piero Portincasa 58,; Vincenzo Ronca 41,; Floriano Rosina 60,; Sonia Rossi 41,; Ilaria Sogno 41,; Giancarlo Spinzi 61,; Marta Spreafico 11,; Strazzabosco, Mario; Sonia Tarallo 60,; Tarocchi, Mirko; Claudio Tiribelli 48,; Pierluigi Toniutto 64,; Maria Vinci 65,; Zuin, Massimo; Chin Lye Ch’ng,; Mesbah Rahman 68,; Tom Yapp 69,; Richard Sturgess 70,; Christopher Healey 71,; Czajkowski, Marek; Gunasekera, Anton; Pranab Gyawali 77,; Purushothaman Premchand 78,; Kapil Kapur 79,; Richard Marley 80,; Graham Foster 80,; Alan Watson 81,; Aruna Dias 82,; Javaid Subhani 83,; Rory Harvey 84,; Roger McCorry 85,; David Ramanaden 86,; Jaber Gasem 87,; Richard Evans 88,; Thiriloganathan Mathialahan 89,; Christopher Shorrock 90,; George Lipscomb 91,; Paul Southern 92,; Jeremy Tibble 93,; 94,; Gorard, David; Altaf Palegwala 98,; Jones, Susan; Marco Carbone 101,; Mohamed Dawwas 101,; Graeme Alexander 101,; Dolwani, Sunil; Martin Prince 104,; Matthew Foxton 105,; David Elphick 106,; Harriet Mitchison 107,; Ian Gooding 108,; Mazn Karmo 109,; Saksena, Sushma; Mendall, Mike; Patel, Minesh; Ede, Roland; Andrew Austin 119,; Sayer, Joanna; Lorraine Hankey 122,; Christopher Hovell 122,; Neil Fisher 123,; Carter, Martyn; Konrad Koss 126,; Piotrowicz, Andrzej; Grimley, Charles; Neal, David; Guan Lim 135,; Levi, Sass; Aftab Ala 138,; Andrea Broad 139,; Athar Saeed 139,; Gordon Wood 140,; Brown, Jonathan; Wilkinson, Mark; Harriet Gordon 145,; John Ramage 146,; Jo Ridpath 147,; Ngatchu, Theodore; Bob Grover 151,; Syed Shaukat 152,; Ray Shidrawi 153,; Abouda, George; Faiz Ali 156,; Ian Rees 157,; Imroz Salam 158,; Mark Narain 159,; Brown, Ashley; Simon Taylor Robinson 162,; Simon Williams 163,; Leonie Grellier 164,; Paul Banim 165,; Debasish Das 166,; Andrew Chilton 166,; Michael Heneghan 167,; Curtis, Howard; Markus Gess 170,; Drake, Ian; Aldersley, Mark; Davies, Mervyn; Jones, Rebecca; Alastair McNair 175,; Raj Srirajaskanthan 176,; Pitcher, Maxton; Sambit Sen 179,; Bird, George; Adrian Barnardo 182,; Paul Kitchen 182,; Kevin Yoong 183,; Chirag, Oza; Nurani Sivaramakrishnan 186,; George MacFaul 187,; David Jones 188,; Amir Shah 189,; Chris Evans 190,; Subrata Saha 191,; Pollock, Katharine; Bramley, Peter; Mukhopadhya, Ashis; Fraser, Andrew; Mills, Peter; Shallcross, Christopher; Campbell, Stewart; Bathgate, Andrew; Alan Shepherd 213,; John Dillon 214,; Simon Rushbrook 215,; Robert Przemioslo 216 Christopher Macdonald,; Metcalf, Jane; Udi Shmueli 221,; Davis, Andrew; Naqvi, Asifabbas; Lee, Tom; Ryder, Stephen D.; Jane Collier 231,; Klass, Howard; Ninkovic, Mary; Matthew Cramp 238,; Nicholas Sharer 239,; Richard Aspinall 240,; Patrick Goggin 240,; Ghosh, Deb; Andrew Douds 243,; Barbara Hoeroldt 244,; Jonathan Booth 245,; Earl Williams 246,; Hyder Hussaini 247,; William Stableforth 247,; Reuben Ayres 248,; Douglas Thorburn 249,; Eileen Marshall 249,; Andrew Burroughs 249,; Mann, Steven; Martin Lombard 252,; Paul Richardson 252,; Imran Patanwala 252,; Julia Maltby 253,; Matthew Brookes 254,; Mathew, Ray; Samir Vyas 257,; Saket Singhal 258,; Gleeson, Dermot; Misra, Sharat; Butterworth, Jeff; Keith George 265,; Harding, Tim; Douglass, Andrew; Simon Panter 270,; Jeremy Shearman 271,; Gary Bray 272,; Butcher, Graham; Daniel Forton 275,; Mclindon, John; Matthew Cowan 279,; Gregory Whatley 280,; Mandal, Aditya; Gupta, Hemant; Sanghi, Pradeep; Sanjiv Jain 283,; Steve Pereira 284,; Geeta Prasad 285,; Gill Watts 285,; Mark Wright 286,; James Neuberger 287,; Fiona Gordon 288,; Esther Unitt 289,; Grant, Allister; Delahooke, Toby; Andrew Higham 293,; Alison Brind 294,; Mark Cox 295,; Subramaniam Ramakrishnan 296,; King, Alistair; Carole Collins 300,; Whalley, Simon; Andy Li 303,; Jocelyn Fraser 304,; Andrew Bell 305,; Voi Shim Wong 306,; Singhal, Amit; Gee, Ian; Yeng Ang 312,; Rupert Ransford 313,; James Gotto 314,; Millson, Charles; Jane Bowles 318,; Thomas, Caradog; Melanie Harrison 70,; Roman Galaska 71,; Kendall, Jennie; Whiteman, Jessica; Lawlor, Caroline; Gray, Catherine; Keith Elliott 79,; Caroline Mulvaney Jones,; Hobson, Lucie; Greta Van Duyvenvoorde 90,; Alison Loftus 91,; Katie Seward 92,; Penn, Ruth; Jane Maiden 98,; Rose Damant 98,; Janeane Hails 101,; Cloudsdale, Rebecca; Valeria Silvestre 105,; Sue Glenn 106,; Eleanor Dungca 107,; Natalie Wheatley 108,; Helen Doyle 109,; Kent, Melanie; Hamilton, Caroline; Braim, Delyth; Helen Wooldridge 117,; Rachel Abrahams 117,; Alison Paton 119,; Lancaster, Nicola; Andrew Gibbins 122,; Karen Hogben 122,; Desousa, Phillipa; Muscariu, Florin; Musselwhite, Janine; Alexandra McKay 132,; LaiTing Tan 135,; Carole Foale 138,; Jacqueline Brighton 138,; Kerry Flahive 140,; Nambela, Estelle; Townshend, Paula; Ford, Chris; Holder, Sophie; Palmer, Caroline; James Featherstone 147,; Mariam Nasseri 151,; Joy Sadeghian 153,; Williams, Bronwen; Carol Thomas 156,; Sally Ann Rolls 156,; Abigail Hynes 159,; Claire Duggan 159,; Sarah Jones 159,; Crossey, Mary; Glynis Stansfield 163,; Carolyn MacNicol 163,; Joy Wilkins 164,; Elva Wilhelmsen 165,; Parizade Raymode 166,; Hye Jeong Lee 167,; Durant, Emma; Bishop, Rebecca; Ncube, Noma; Tripoli, Sherill; Casey, Rebecca; Caroline Cowley 182,; Richard Miller 183,; Kathryn Houghton 188,; Samantha Ducker 188,; Fiona Wright 189,; Bridget Bird 191,; Gwen Baxter 191,; Janie Keggans 191,; Hughes, Maggie; Emma Grieve 196,; Karin Young 196,; Williams 197, D.; Kate Ocker 199,; Hines, Frances; Martin, Kirsty; Innes, Caron; Talal Valliani 216,; Fairlamb, Helen; Thornthwaite, Sarah; Eastick, Anne; Elizabeth Tanqueray 221,; Jennifer Morrison 222,; Becky Holbrook 222,; Browning, Julie; Walker, Kirsten; Congreave, Susan; Verheyden, Juliette; Slininger, Susan; Lizzie Stafford 231,; Denise O’Donnell 231,; Mark Ainsworth 231,; Susan Lord 118,; Kent, Linda; Linda March 238,; Christine Dickson 239,; Diane Simpson 239,; Beverley Longhurst 240,; Maria Hayes 240,; Shpuza, Ervin; White, Nikki; Besley, Sarah; Sallyanne Pearson 244,; Alice Wright 245,; Linda Jones 245,; Emma Gunter 246,; Hannah Dewhurst 246,; Anna Fouracres 247,; Liz Farrington 247,; Lyn Graves 247,; Suzie Marriott 248,; Marina Leoni 249,; David Tyrer 252,; Kate Martin 252,; Lola Dali kemmery 253,; Victoria Lambourne 253,; Marie Green 254,; Sirdefield, Dawn; Kelly Amor 255,; Julie Colley 258,; Bal Shinder 258,; Jayne Jones 260,; Marisa Mills 260,; Carnahan, Mandy; Natalie Taylor 265,; Kerenza Boulton 265,; Tregonning, Julie; Carly Brown 270,; Gayle Clifford 270,; Emily Archer 271,; Hamilton, Maria; Janette Curtis 278,; Tracey Shewan 279,; Sue Walsh 280,; Warner, Karen; Kimberley Netherton 283,; Mcdonald Mupudzi 286,; Bridget Gunson 287,; Jane Gitahi 288,; Denise Gocher 289,; Batham, Sally; Pateman, Hilary; Desmennu, Senayon; Jill Conder 293,; Darren Clement 294,; Susan Gallagher 294,; Jacky Orpe 256,; PuiChing Chan 296,; Currie, Lynn; O’Donohoe, Lynn; Metod Oblak 300,; Lisa Morgan 302,; Marie Quinn 303,; Isobel Amey 304,; Yolanda Baird 304,; Donna Cotterill 305,; Lourdes Cumlat 306,; Louise Winter 312,; Sandra Greer 312,; Spurdle, Katie; Allison, Joanna; Dyer, Simon; Sweeting, Helen; Kordula, Jean

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a classical autoimmune liver disease for which effective immunomodulatory therapy is lacking. Here we perform meta-analyses of discovery data sets from genome-wide association studies of European subjects (n=2,764 cases and 10,475 controls) followed by validation genotyping in an independent cohort (n=3,716 cases and 4,261 controls). We discover and validate six previously unknown risk loci for PBC (Pcombined<5 × 10(-8)) and used pathway analysis to identify JAK-STAT/IL12/IL27 signalling and cytokine-cytokine pathways, for which relevant therapies exist.

International genome-wide meta-analysis identifies new primary biliary cirrhosis risk loci and targetable pathogenic pathways / Heather J. Cordell; Younghun Han; George F. Mells; Yafang Li; Gideon M. Hirschfield; Casey S. Greene; Gang Xie; Brian D. Juran 7 ; Dakai Zhu 2 ; David C. Qian 2 ; James A.B. Floyd ; Katherine I. Morley ; Daniele Prati 11 ; Ana Lleo 12 ; Daniele Cusi ; M. Eric Gershwin 15 ; Carl A. Anderson 8 ; Konstantinos N. Lazaridis 7 ; Pietro Invernizzi ; Michael F. Seldin 15 ; Richard N. Sandford ; Christopher I. Amos 2; Katherine A. Siminovitch ; Erik M. Schlicht 7 ; Craig Lammert 7 ; Elizabeth J. Atkinson 19 ; Landon L. Chan 19 ; Mariza de Andrade 19 ; Tobias Balschun 20 ; Andrew L. Mason 21 ; Robert P. Myers 22 ; Jinyi Zhang 23 ; Piotr Milkiewicz 24 ; Jia Qu 25 ; Joseph A. Odin 26 ; Velimir A. Luketic 27 ; Bruce R. Bacon 28 ; Henry C. Bodenheimer Jr 29 ; Valentina Liakina 30 ; Catherine Vincent 31 ; Cynthia Levy 32 ;Peter K. Gregersen ;33 Piero L. Almasio ; Domenico Alvaro 35 ; Pietro Andreone 36 ; Angelo Andriulli 37 ; Cristina Barlassina 38 ; Pier Maria Battezzati 39 ; Antonio Benedetti 40 ; Francesca Bernuzzi 41 ; Ilaria Bianchi 41 ; Maria Consiglia Bragazzi 42 ; Maurizia Brunetto 43 ; Savino Bruno 41 ; Giovanni Casella 44 ; Barbara Coco 43 ; Agostino Colli 45 ; Massimo Colombo 46 ; Silvia Colombo 47 ; Carmela Cursaro 36 ; Lory Saveria Croce ` 48 ; Andrea Crosignani 39 ; Maria Francesca Donato 46 ; Gianfranco Elia 49 ; Luca Fabris 50 ; Carlo Ferrari 49 ; Annarosa Floreani 51 ; Barbara Foglieni 11 ; Rosanna Fontana 37 ; Andrea Galli 52 ; Roberta Lazzari 51 ; Fabio Macaluso 34 ; Federica Malinverno 46 ; Fabio Marra 53 ; Marco Marzioni 40 ; Alberto Mattalia 54 ; Renzo Montanari 55 ; Lorenzo Morini 56 ; Filomena Morisco 57 ; Mousa Hani S. 41 ; Luigi Muratori 36 ; Paolo Muratori 36 ; Grazia A. Niro 37 ; Vincenzo O. Palmieri 58 ; Antonio Picciotto 59 ; Mauro Podda 41 ; Piero Portincasa 58 ; Vincenzo Ronca 41 ; Floriano Rosina 60 ; Sonia Rossi 41 ; Ilaria Sogno 41 ; Giancarlo Spinzi 61 ; Marta Spreafico 11 ; Mario Strazzabosco ; Sonia Tarallo 60 ; Mirko Tarocchi 52 ; Claudio Tiribelli 48 ; Pierluigi Toniutto 64 ; Maria Vinci 65 ; Massimo Zuin ;Chin Lye Ch’ng ; Mesbah Rahman 68 ; Tom Yapp 69 ; Richard Sturgess 70 ; Christopher Healey 71 ; Marek Czajkowski ; Anton Gunasekera ; Pranab Gyawali 77 ; Purushothaman Premchand 78 ; Kapil Kapur 79 ; Richard Marley 80 ; Graham Foster 80 ; Alan Watson 81 ; Aruna Dias 82 ; Javaid Subhani 83 ; Rory Harvey 84 ; Roger McCorry 85 ; David Ramanaden 86 ; Jaber Gasem 87 ; Richard Evans 88 ; Thiriloganathan Mathialahan 89 ; Christopher Shorrock 90 ; George Lipscomb 91 ; Paul Southern 92 ; Jeremy Tibble 93;94 ; David Gorard ; Altaf Palegwala 98 ; Susan Jones ; Marco Carbone 101 ; Mohamed Dawwas 101 ; Graeme Alexander 101 ; Sunil Dolwani ; Martin Prince 104 ; Matthew Foxton 105 ; David Elphick 106 ; Harriet Mitchison 107 ; Ian Gooding 108 ; Mazn Karmo 109 ; Sushma Saksena ; Mike Mendall ; Minesh Patel ; Roland Ede ; Andrew Austin 119 ; Joanna Sayer ; Lorraine Hankey 122 ; Christopher Hovell 122 ; Neil Fisher 123 ; Martyn Carter ; Konrad Koss 126 ; Andrzej Piotrowicz ; Charles Grimley ; David Neal ; Guan Lim 135 ; Sass Levi ; Aftab Ala 138 ; Andrea Broad 139 ; Athar Saeed 139 ; Gordon Wood 140 ; Jonathan Brown ; Mark Wilkinson ; Harriet Gordon 145 ; John Ramage 146 ; Jo Ridpath 147 ; Theodore Ngatchu ; Bob Grover 151 ; Syed Shaukat 152 ; Ray Shidrawi 153 ; George Abouda ; Faiz Ali 156 ; Ian Rees 157 ; Imroz Salam 158 ; Mark Narain 159 ; Ashley Brown ; Simon Taylor-Robinson 162 ; Simon Williams 163 ; Leonie Grellier 164 ; Paul Banim 165 ; Debasish Das 166 ; Andrew Chilton 166 ; Michael Heneghan 167 ; Howard Curtis ; Markus Gess 170 ; Ian Drake ; Mark Aldersley ; Mervyn Davies ; Rebecca Jones ; Alastair McNair 175 ; Raj Srirajaskanthan 176 ; Maxton Pitcher ; Sambit Sen 179 ; George Bird ; Adrian Barnardo 182 ; Paul Kitchen 182 ; Kevin Yoong 183 ; Oza Chirag ; Nurani Sivaramakrishnan 186 ; George MacFaul 187 ; David Jones 188 ; Amir Shah 189 ; Chris Evans 190 ; Subrata Saha 191 ; Katharine Pollock ; Peter Bramley ; Ashis Mukhopadhya ; Andrew Fraser ; Peter Mills ; Christopher Shallcross ; Stewart Campbell ; Andrew Bathgate ; Alan Shepherd 213 ; John Dillon 214 ; Simon Rushbrook 215 ; Robert Przemioslo 216 Christopher Macdonald ; Jane Metcalf ; Udi Shmueli 221 ; Andrew Davis ; Asifabbas Naqvi ; Tom Lee ; Stephen D Ryder ; Jane Collier 231 ; Howard Klass ; Mary Ninkovic ; Matthew Cramp 238 ; Nicholas Sharer 239 ; Richard Aspinall 240 ; Patrick Goggin 240 ; Deb Ghosh ; Andrew Douds 243 ; Barbara Hoeroldt 244 ; Jonathan Booth 245 ; Earl Williams 246 ; Hyder Hussaini 247 ; William Stableforth 247 ; Reuben Ayres 248 ; Douglas Thorburn 249 ; Eileen Marshall 249 ; Andrew Burroughs 249 ; Steven Mann ; Martin Lombard 252 ; Paul Richardson 252 ; Imran Patanwala 252 ; Julia Maltby 253 ; Matthew Brookes 254 ; Ray Mathew ; Samir Vyas 257 ; Saket Singhal 258 ; Dermot Gleeson ; Sharat Misra ; Jeff Butterworth ; Keith George 265 ; Tim Harding ; Andrew Douglass ; Simon Panter 270 ; Jeremy Shearman 271 ; Gary Bray 272 ; Graham Butcher ; Daniel Forton 275 ; John Mclindon ; Matthew Cowan 279 ; Gregory Whatley 280 ; Aditya Mandal ; Hemant Gupta ; Pradeep Sanghi ; Sanjiv Jain 283 ; Steve Pereira 284 ; Geeta Prasad 285 ; Gill Watts 285 ; Mark Wright 286 ; James Neuberger 287 ; Fiona Gordon 288 ; Esther Unitt 289 ; Allister Grant ; Toby Delahooke ; Andrew Higham 293 ; Alison Brind 294 ; Mark Cox 295 ; Subramaniam Ramakrishnan 296 ; Alistair King ; Carole Collins 300 ; Simon Whalley ; Andy Li 303 ; Jocelyn Fraser 304 ; Andrew Bell 305 ; Voi Shim Wong 306 ; Amit Singhal ; Ian Gee ; Yeng Ang 312 ; Rupert Ransford 313 ; James Gotto 314 ; Charles Millson ; Jane Bowles 318 ; Caradog Thomas ; Melanie Harrison 70 ; Roman Galaska 71 ; Jennie Kendall ; Jessica Whiteman ; Caroline Lawlor ; Catherine Gray ; Keith Elliott 79 ; Caroline Mulvaney-Jones ; Lucie Hobson ; Greta Van Duyvenvoorde 90 ; Alison Loftus 91 ; Katie Seward 92 ; Ruth Penn ; Jane Maiden 98 ; Rose Damant 98 ; Janeane Hails 101 ; Rebecca Cloudsdale ; Valeria Silvestre 105 ; Sue Glenn 106 ; Eleanor Dungca 107 ; Natalie Wheatley 108 ; Helen Doyle 109 ; Melanie Kent ; Caroline Hamilton ; Delyth Braim ; Helen Wooldridge 117 ; Rachel Abrahams 117 ; Alison Paton 119 ; Nicola Lancaster ; Andrew Gibbins 122 ; Karen Hogben 122 ; Phillipa Desousa ; Florin Muscariu ; Janine Musselwhite ; Alexandra McKay 132 ; LaiTing Tan 135 ; Carole Foale 138 ; Jacqueline Brighton 138 ; Kerry Flahive 140 ; Estelle Nambela ; Paula Townshend ; Chris Ford ; Sophie Holder ; Caroline Palmer ; James Featherstone 147 ; Mariam Nasseri 151 ; Joy Sadeghian 153 ; Bronwen Williams ; Carol Thomas 156 ; Sally-Ann Rolls 156 ; Abigail Hynes 159 ; Claire Duggan 159 ; Sarah Jones 159 ; Mary Crossey ; Glynis Stansfield 163 ; Carolyn MacNicol 163 ; Joy Wilkins 164 ; Elva Wilhelmsen 165 ; Parizade Raymode 166 ; Hye-Jeong Lee 167 ; Emma Durant ; Rebecca Bishop ; Noma Ncube ; Sherill Tripoli ; Rebecca Casey ; Caroline Cowley 182 ; Richard Miller 183 ; Kathryn Houghton 188 ; Samantha Ducker 188 ; Fiona Wright 189 ; Bridget Bird 191 ; Gwen Baxter 191 ; Janie Keggans 191 ; Maggie Hughes ; Emma Grieve 196 ; Karin Young 196 ; D. Williams 197 ; Kate Ocker 199 ; Frances Hines ; Kirsty Martin ; Caron Innes ; Talal Valliani 216 ; Helen Fairlamb ; Sarah Thornthwaite ; Anne Eastick ; Elizabeth Tanqueray 221 ; Jennifer Morrison 222 ; Becky Holbrook 222 ; Julie Browning ; Kirsten Walker ; Susan Congreave ; Juliette Verheyden ; Susan Slininger ; Lizzie Stafford 231 ; Denise O’Donnell 231 ; Mark Ainsworth 231 ; Susan Lord 118 ; Linda Kent ; Linda March 238 ; Christine Dickson 239 ; Diane Simpson 239 ; Beverley Longhurst 240 ; Maria Hayes 240 ; Ervin Shpuza ; Nikki White ; Sarah Besley ; Sallyanne Pearson 244 ; Alice Wright 245 ; Linda Jones 245 ; Emma Gunter 246 ; Hannah Dewhurst 246 ; Anna Fouracres 247 ; Liz Farrington 247 ; Lyn Graves 247 ; Suzie Marriott 248 ; Marina Leoni 249 ; David Tyrer 252 ; Kate Martin 252 ; Lola Dali-kemmery 253 ; Victoria Lambourne 253 ; Marie Green 254 ; Dawn Sirdefield ; Kelly Amor 255 ; Julie Colley 258 ; Bal Shinder 258 ; Jayne Jones 260 ; Marisa Mills 260 ; Mandy Carnahan ; Natalie Taylor 265 ; Kerenza Boulton 265 ; Julie Tregonning ; Carly Brown 270 ; Gayle Clifford 270 ; Emily Archer 271 ; Maria Hamilton ; Janette Curtis 278 ; Tracey Shewan 279 ; Sue Walsh 280 ; Karen Warner ; Kimberley Netherton 283 ; Mcdonald Mupudzi 286 ; Bridget Gunson 287 ; Jane Gitahi 288 ; Denise Gocher 289 ; Sally Batham ; Hilary Pateman ; Senayon Desmennu ; Jill Conder 293 ; Darren Clement 294 ; Susan Gallagher 294 ; Jacky Orpe 256 ; PuiChing Chan 296 ; Lynn Currie ; Lynn O’Donohoe ; Metod Oblak 300 ; Lisa Morgan 302 ; Marie Quinn 303 ; Isobel Amey 304 ; Yolanda Baird 304 ; Donna Cotterill 305 ; Lourdes Cumlat 306 ; Louise Winter 312 ; Sandra Greer 312 ; Katie Spurdle ; Joanna Allison ; Simon Dyer ; Helen Sweeting ; Jean Kordula. - In: NATURE COMMUNICATIONS. - ISSN 2041-1723. - ELETTRONICO. - (2015), pp. 1-11.