Since its origins Freemasonry had in pacifism one of the most distinctive ideals, the point of arrival of a vision of the world which had as its cardinal points cosmopolitanism and humanitarianism. Towards the end of the nineteenth century the main European Freemasonries (with the notable exception of the English one) tried to support the peace movement by organizing various international Masonic congress, the first of which was held in Paris in 1889. The Geneva Congress of 1902 marked the birth of the Bureau international des relations maçonniques, which had among its goals the defense of peace. Some Nobel Prizes for Peace, among whom the Swiss Élie Ducommun (1902), the Austrian Alfred Hermann Fried (1911), the Belgian Henri La Fontaine (1913) and the French Léon Bourgeois (1920), belonged to Freemasonry. The deep contradictions of Masonic pacifism emerged with the outbreak of the First World War. The reference to the patriotism and to the sense of loyalty to the nation was stronger than the idea of universal brotherhood. All European Freemasonries, with few differences, aligned themselves in favor of the intervention in war and in defense of national interests of their respective countries.
La Franc-maçonnerie et le mouvement pour la paix en Europe (1889-1914) / Fulvio, Conti. - In: CAHIERS DE LA MÉDITERRANÉE. - ISSN 0395-9317. - STAMPA. - 91:(2015), pp. 87-99.
La Franc-maçonnerie et le mouvement pour la paix en Europe (1889-1914)
CONTI, FULVIO
2015
Abstract
Since its origins Freemasonry had in pacifism one of the most distinctive ideals, the point of arrival of a vision of the world which had as its cardinal points cosmopolitanism and humanitarianism. Towards the end of the nineteenth century the main European Freemasonries (with the notable exception of the English one) tried to support the peace movement by organizing various international Masonic congress, the first of which was held in Paris in 1889. The Geneva Congress of 1902 marked the birth of the Bureau international des relations maçonniques, which had among its goals the defense of peace. Some Nobel Prizes for Peace, among whom the Swiss Élie Ducommun (1902), the Austrian Alfred Hermann Fried (1911), the Belgian Henri La Fontaine (1913) and the French Léon Bourgeois (1920), belonged to Freemasonry. The deep contradictions of Masonic pacifism emerged with the outbreak of the First World War. The reference to the patriotism and to the sense of loyalty to the nation was stronger than the idea of universal brotherhood. All European Freemasonries, with few differences, aligned themselves in favor of the intervention in war and in defense of national interests of their respective countries.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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