First strength grading, physical and mechanical tests on Turkey oak beams for structural use

Many different hardwood species characterize the Italian forests due to the high variability of climates, exposures, altitudes etc. Among all broad-leaves, there are also many oak species, currently not used for structural purposes. New oak beams for structure are typically coming from other countries, because no studies have been yet carried out on structural oak wood, in compliance with the national rules for building construction. In particular, among the other oaks, the Turkey oak (Quercus cerris L.) has a significant role in Italian forests, with a potential annual production of around 3'000'000 m³, considering only high forests. The aim of this work is the realization of a first study for the mechanical characterization of this species for structural purposes. A batch of logs has been sampled in the South of Italy and 51 structural beams (cross section 125x45 mm; length 2.6 m) have been sawn. The beams have been visually graded, tested by means of non-destructive methods, characterized through mechanical tests in bending until failure. Then mechanical properties and characteristic values have been determined showing that Turkey oak could be fully addressed to structural use, as it can fit to the Strength Class D40, although this class has to be considered a provisional allocation.