Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Mohammad, H. Forouzanfar; Ashkan, Afshin; Lily, T. Alexander; Ross Anderson, H; Zulfiqar, A. Bhutta; Stan, Biryukov; Michael, Brauer; Richard, Burnett; Kelly, Cercy; Fiona, J. Charlson; Aaron, J. Cohen; Lalit, Dandona; Kara, Estep; Alize, J. Ferrari; Joseph, J. Frostad; Nancy, Fullman; Peter, W. Gething; William, W. Godwin; Max, Griswold; Yohannes, Kinfu; Hmwe, H. Kyu; Heidi, J. Larson; Xiaofeng, Liang; Stephen, S. Lim; Patrick, Y. Liu; Alan, D. Lopez; Rafael, Lozano; Laurie, Marczak; George, A. Mensah; Ali H, Mokdad; Maziar, Moradi Lakeh; Mohsen, Naghavi; Bruce, Neal; Marissa, B. Reitsma; Gregory A, Roth; Joshua, A. Salomon; Patrick, J. Sur; Theo, Vos; Joseph A, Wagner; Haidong, Wang; Zhao, Yi; Maigeng, Zhou; Gunn, Marit Aasvang; Amanuel, Alemu Abajobir; Kalkidan, Hassen Abate; Cristiana, Abbafati; Kaja, M. Abbas; Foad, Abd Allah; Abdishakur, M. Abdulle; Semaw, Ferede Abera; Biju, Abraham; Laith, J. Abu Raddad; Gebre, Yitayih Abyu; Akindele, Olupelumi Adebiyi; Isaac, Akinkunmi Adedeji; Zanfina, Ademi; Arsène, Kouablan Adou; José, C. Adsuar; Emilie, Elisabet Agardh; Arnav, Agarwal; Anurag, Agrawal; Aliasghar, Ahmad Kiadaliri; Oluremi, N. Ajala; Tomi, F. Akinyemiju; Ziyad, Al Aly; Khurshid, Alam; Noore, K. M. Alam; Saleh, Fahed Aldhahri; Robert, William Aldridge; Zewdie, Aderaw Alemu; Raghib, Ali; Ala'A, Alkerwi; François, Alla; Peter, Allebeck; Ubai, Alsharif; Khalid, A. Altirkawi; Elena, Alvarez Martin; Nelson, Alvis Guzman; Azmeraw, T. Amare; Alemayehu, Amberbir; Adeladza, Kofi Amegah; Heresh, Amini; Walid, Ammar; Stephen, Marc Amrock; Hjalte, H. Andersen; Benjamin, O. Anderson; Carl, Abelardo T. Antonio; Palwasha, Anwari; Johan, Ärnlöv; Artaman, Al; Hamid, Asayesh; Rana, Jawad Asghar; Reza, Assadi; Suleman, Atique; Euripide, Frinel G. Arthur Avokpaho; Ashish, Awasthi; Beatriz, Paulina Ayala Quintanilla; Peter, Azzopardi; Umar, Bacha; Alaa, Badawi; Maria C, Bahit; Kalpana, Balakrishnan; Aleksandra, Barac; Ryan, M. Barber; Suzanne, L. Barker Collo; Till, Bärnighausen; Simon, Barquera; Lars, Barregard; Lope H, Barrero; Sanjay, Basu; Carolina, Batis; Shahrzad, Bazargan Hejazi; Justin, Beardsley; Neeraj, Bedi; Ettore, Beghi; Michelle, L. Bell; Aminu, K. Bello; Derrick, A. Bennett; Isabela, M. Bensenor; Adugnaw, Berhane; Eduardo, Bernabé; Balem, Demtsu Betsu; Addisu, Shunu Beyene; Neeraj, Bhala; Anil, Bhansali; Samir, Bhatt; Sibhatu, Biadgilign; Boris, Bikbov; Donal, Bisanzio; Espen, Bjertness; Jed, D. Blore; Rohan, Borschmann; Soufiane, Boufous; Rupert, R. A. Bourne; Michael, Brainin; Alexandra, Brazinova; Nicholas, J. K. Breitborde; Hermann, Brenner; David M, Broday; Traolach, S. Brugha; Bert, Brunekreef; Zahid, A. Butt; Leah, E. Cahill; Bianca, Calabria; Ismael, Ricardo Campos Nonato; Rosario, Cárdenas; David O, Carpenter; Daniel C, Casey; Carlos A, Castañeda Orjuela; Jacqueline, Castillo Rivas; Ruben, Estanislao Castro; Ferrán, Catalá López; Jung Chen, Chang; Peggy, Pei Chia Chiang; Mirriam, Chibalabala; Odgerel, Chimed Ochir; Vesper, Hichilombwe Chisumpa; Abdulaal, A. Chitheer; Jee Young, Jasmine Choi; Hanne, Christensen; Devasahayam, Jesudas Christopher; Liliana, G. Ciobanu; Matthew, M. Coates; Samantha, M. Colquhoun; Leslie, Trumbull Cooper; Kimberly, Cooperrider; Leslie, Cornaby; Monica, Cortinovis; John, A. Crump; Lucia, Cuevas Nasu; Albertino, Damasceno; Rakhi, Dandona; Sarah, C. Darby; Paul, I. Dargan; José, Das Neves; Adrian, C. Davis; Kairat, Davletov; Filipa De Castro, E; Vanessa, De La Cruz Góngora; Diego, De Leo; Louisa, Degenhardt; Liana, C. Del Gobbo; Borja, Del Pozo Cruz; Robert P, Dellavalle; Amare, Deribew; Don, C. Des Jarlais; Samath, D. Dharmaratne; Preet, K. Dhillon; Cesar, Diaz Torné; Daniel, Dicker; Eric, L. Ding; Ray Dorsey, E; Kerrie E, Doyle; Tim, R. Driscoll; Leilei, Duan; Manisha, Dubey; Bruce, Bartholow Duncan; Iqbal, Elyazar; Aman, Yesuf Endries; Sergey, Petrovich Ermakov; Holly, E. Erskine; Babak, Eshrati; Alireza, Esteghamati; Saman, Fahimi; Emerito, Jose Aquino Faraon; Talha, A. Farid; Carla, Sofia E. Sa Farinha; André, Faro; Maryam, S. Farvid; Farshad, Farzadfar; Valery L, Feigin; Seyed Mohammad, Fereshtehnejad; Jefferson, G. Fernandes; Florian, Fischer; Joseph R. A, Fitchett; Tom, Fleming; Nataliya, Foigt; Kyle, Foreman; Gerry R. Fowkes, F; Richard C, Franklin; Thomas, Fürst; Neal, D. Futran; Emmanuela, Gakidou; Alberto L, Garcia Basteiro; Tsegaye, Tewelde Gebrehiwot; Amanuel, Tesfay Gebremedhin; Johanna, M. Geleijnse; Bradford, D. Gessner; Ababi, Zergaw Giref; Maurice, Giroud; Melkamu, Dedefo Gishu; Shifalika, Goenka; Mari, Carmen Gomez Cabrera; Hector, Gomez Dantes; Philimon, Gona; Amador, Goodridge; Sameer, Vali Gopalani; Carolyn, C. Gotay; Atsushi, Goto; Hebe, N. Gouda; Harish, Chander Gugnani; Francis, Guillemin; Yuming, Guo; Rahul, Gupta; Rajeev, Gupta; Reyna, A. Gutiérrez; Juanita, A. Haagsma; Nima, Hafezi Nejad; Demewoz, Haile; Gessessew, Bugssa Hailu; Yara, A. Halasa; Randah, Ribhi Hamadeh; Samer, Hamidi; Alexis, J. Handal; Graeme, J. Hankey; Yuantao, Hao; Hilda, L. Harb; Sivadasanpillai, Harikrishnan; Josep, Maria Haro; Mohammad, Sadegh Hassanvand; Tahir, Ahmed Hassen; Rasmus, Havmoeller; Ileana, Beatriz Heredia Pi; Norberto, Francisco Hernández Llanes; Pouria, Heydarpour; Hans, W. Hoek; Howard, J. Hoffman; Masako, Horino; Nobuyuki, Horita; Dean Hosgood, H; Damian, G. Hoy; Mohamed, Hsairi; Aung, Soe Htet; Guoqing, Hu; John, J. Huang; Abdullatif, Husseini; Sally, J. Hutchings; Inge, Huybrechts; Kim, Moesgaard Iburg; Bulat, T. Idrisov; Bogdan, Vasile Ileanu; Manami, Inoue; Troy, A. Jacobs; Kathryn, H. Jacobsen; Nader, Jahanmehr; Mihajlo, B. Jakovljevic; Henrica, A. F. M. Jansen; Simerjot, K. Jassal; Mehdi, Javanbakht; Achala, Upendra Jayatilleke; Sun, Ha Jee; Panniyammakal, Jeemon; Vivekanand, Jha; Ying, Jiang; Tariku, Jibat; Jin, Ye; Catherine, O. Johnson; Jost, B. Jonas; Zubair, Kabir; Yogeshwar, Kalkonde; Ritul, Kamal; Haidong, Kan; André, Karch; Corine, Kakizi Karema; Chante, Karimkhani; Amir, Kasaeian; Anil, Kaul; Norito, Kawakami; Dhruv, S. Kazi; Peter, Njenga Keiyoro; Andrew, Haddon Kemp; Andre, Pascal Kengne; Andre, Keren; Chandrasekharan, Nair Kesavachandran; Yousef, Saleh Khader; Abdur, Rahman Khan; Ejaz, Ahmad Khan; Gulfaraz, Khan; Young Ho, Khang; Shahab, Khatibzadeh; Sahil, Khera; Tawfik, Ahmed Muthafer Khoja; Jagdish, Khubchandani; Christian, Kieling; Cho Il, Kim; Daniel, Kim; Ruth, W. Kimokoti; Niranjan, Kissoon; Miia, Kivipelto; Luke, D. Knibbs; Yoshihiro, Kokubo; Jacek, A. Kopec; Parvaiz, A. Koul; Koyanagi, Ai; Michael, Kravchenko; Hans, Kromhout; Hans, Krueger; Tiffany, Ku; Barthelemy, Kuate Defo; Ricardo, S. Kuchenbecker; Burcu, Kucuk Bicer; Ernst, J. Kuipers; Anil Kumar, G; Gene, F. Kwan; Dharmesh, Kumar Lal; Ratilal, Lalloo; Tea, Lallukka; Qing, Lan; Anders, Larsson; Asma, Abdul Latif; Alicia, Elena Beatriz Lawrynowicz; Janet, L. Leasher; James, Leigh; Janni, Leung; Levi, Miriam; Xiaohong, Li; Yichong, Li; Juan, Liang; Shiwei, Liu; Belinda, K. Lloyd; Giancarlo, Logroscino; Paulo, A. Lotufo; Raimundas, Lunevicius; Michael, Macintyre; Mahdi, Mahdavi; Marek, Majdan; Azeem, Majeed; Reza, Malekzadeh; Deborah, Carvalho Malta; Wondimu, Ayele Ayele Manamo; Chabila, C. Mapoma; Wagner, Marcenes; Randall, V. Martin; Jose, Martinez Raga; Felix, Masiye; Kunihiro, Matsushita; Richard, Matzopoulos; Bongani, M. Mayosi; John, J. Mcgrath; Martin, Mckee; Peter, A. Meaney; Catalina, Medina; Alem, Mehari; Fabiola, Mejia Rodriguez; Alemayehu, B. Mekonnen; Yohannes, Adama Melaku; Ziad A, Memish; Walter, Mendoza; Gert, B. M. Mensink; Atte, Meretoja; Tuomo, J. Meretoja; Yonatan, Moges Mesfin; Francis, Apolinary Mhimbira; Ted, R. Miller; Edward, J. Mills; Mojde, Mirarefin; Awoke, Misganaw; Charles N, Mock; Alireza, Mohammadi; Shafiu, Mohammed; Glen, Liddell D. Mola; Lorenzo, Monasta; Julio, Cesar Montañez Hernandez; Marcella, Montico; Lidia, Morawska; Rintaro, Mori; Dariush, Mozaffarian; Ulrich, O. Mueller; Erin, Mullany; John, Everett Mumford; Gudlavalleti, Venkata Satyanarayana Murthy; Jean B, Nachega; Aliya, Naheed; Vinay, Nangia; Nariman, Nassiri; John, N. Newton; Marie, Ng; Quyen, Le Nguyen; Muhammad, Imran Nisar; Patrick, Martial Nkamedjie Pete; Ole, F. Norheim; Rosana, E. Norman; Norrving, Bo; Luke, Nyakarahuka; Carla, Makhlouf Obermeyer; Felix, Akpojene Ogbo; In Hwan, Oh; Olanrewaju, Oladimeji; Pedro, R. Olivares; Helen, Olsen; Bolajoko, Olubukunola Olusanya; Jacob, Olusegun Olusanya; John, Nelson Opio; Eyal, Oren; Ricardo, Orozco; Alberto, Ortiz; Erika, Ota; Mahesh, Pa; Adrian, Pana; Eun Kee, Park; Charles D, Parry; Mahboubeh, Parsaeian; Tejas, Patel; Angel, J. Paternina Caicedo; Snehal, T. Patil; Scott B, Patten; George, C. Patton; Neil, Pearce; David M, Pereira; Norberto, Perico; Konrad, Pesudovs; Max, Petzold; Michael, Robert Phillips; Frédéric, B. Piel; Julian, David Pillay; Dietrich, Plass; Suzanne, Polinder; Constance, D. Pond; Arden Pope, C; Daniel, Pope; Svetlana, Popova; Richie, G. Poulton; Farshad, Pourmalek; Noela, M. Prasad; Mostafa, Qorbani; Rynaz, H. S. Rabiee; Amir, Radfar; Anwar, Rafay; Vafa, Rahimi Movaghar; Mahfuzar, Rahman; Mohammad, Hifz Ur Rahman; Sajjad, Ur Rahman; Rajesh, Kumar Rai; Sasa, Rajsic; Murugesan, Raju; Usha, Ram; Saleem, M. Rana; Kavitha, Ranganathan; Puja, Rao; Christian, Aspacia Razo García; Amany, H. Refaat; Colin, D. Rehm; Jürgen, Rehm; Nikolas, Reinig; Giuseppe, Remuzzi; Serge, Resnikoff; Antonio L, Ribeiro; Juan, A. Rivera; Hirbo, Shore Roba; Alina, Rodriguez; Sonia, Rodriguez Ramirez; David, Rojas Rueda; Yesenia, Roman; Luca, Ronfani; Gholamreza, Roshandel; Dietrich, Rothenbacher; Ambuj, Roy; Muhammad, Saleh; Juan, R. Sanabria; Maria, Dolores Sanchez Niño; Tania G, Sánchez Pimienta; Logan, Sandar; Damian, F. Santomauro; Itamar, S. Santos; Rodrigo, Sarmiento Suarez; Benn, Sartorius; Maheswar, Satpathy; Miloje, Savic; Monika, Sawhney; Josef, Schmidhuber; Maria, Inês Schmidt; Ione, J. C. Schneider; Ben, Schöttker; Aletta, E. Schutte; David C, Schwebel; James G, Scott; Soraya, Seedat; Sadaf, G. Sepanlou; Edson, E. Servan Mori; Amira, Shaheen; Saeid, Shahraz; Masood, Ali Shaikh; Teresa, Shamah Levy; Rajesh, Sharma; Jun, She; Sara, Sheikhbahaei; Jiabin, Shen; Kevin, N. Sheth; Peilin, Shi; Kenji, Shibuya; Mika, Shigematsu; Min Jeong, Shin; Rahman, Shiri; Kawkab, Shishani; Ivy, Shiue; Mark G, Shrime; Inga, Dora Sigfusdottir; Diego, Augusto Santos Silva; Dayane, Gabriele Alves Silveira; Jonathan I, Silverberg; Edgar, P. Simard; Shireen, Sindi; Abhishek, Singh; Jasvinder, A. Singh; Prashant, Kumar Singh; Erica, Leigh Slepak; Michael, Soljak; Samir, Soneji; Reed, J. D. Sorensen; Luciano A, Sposato; Chandrashekhar, T. Sreeramareddy; Vasiliki, Stathopoulou; Nadine, Steckling; Nicholas, Steel; Dan, J. Stein; Murray, B. Stein; Heidi, Stöckl; Saverio, Stranges; Konstantinos, Stroumpoulis; Bruno F, Sunguya; Soumya, Swaminathan; Bryan, L. Sykes; Cassandra, E. I. Szoeke; Rafael, Tabarés Seisdedos; Ken, Takahashi; Roberto, Tchio Talongwa; Nikhil, Tandon; David, Tanne; Mohammad, Tavakkoli; Belaynew, Wasie Taye; Hugh, R. Taylor; Bemnet, Amare Tedla; Worku, Mekonnen Tefera; Teketo, Kassaw Tegegne; Dejen, Yemane Tekle; Abdullah, Sulieman Terkawi; Thakur, J. S; Bernadette, A. Thomas; Matthew, Lloyd Thomas; Alan, J. Thomson; Andrew L, Thorne Lyman; Amanda, G. Thrift; George, D. Thurston; Taavi, Tillmann; Ruoyan, Tobe Gai; Myriam, Tobollik; Roman, Topor Madry; Fotis, Topouzis; Jeffrey, Allen Towbin; Bach, Xuan Tran; Zacharie, Tsala Dimbuene; Nikolaos, Tsilimparis; Abera, Kenay Tura; Emin, Murat Tuzcu; Stefanos, Tyrovolas; Kingsley, N. Ukwaja; Eduardo A, Undurraga; Chigozie, Jesse Uneke; Olalekan, A. Uthman; Aaron, Van Donkelaar; Jim, Van Os; Yuri, Y. Varakin; Tommi, Vasankari; Lennert Veerman, J; Narayanaswamy, Venketasubramanian; Francesco S, Violante; Stein, Emil Vollset; Gregory R, Wagner; Stephen, G. Waller; Jian, Li Wang; Linhong, Wang; Yanping, Wang; Scott, Weichenthal; Elisabete, Weiderpass; Robert G, Weintraub; Andrea, Werdecker; Ronny, Westerman; Harvey, A. Whiteford; Tissa, Wijeratne; Charles, Shey Wiysonge; Charles D. A, Wolfe; Sungho, Won; Anthony, D. Woolf; Mamo, Wubshet; Denis, Xavier; Gelin, Xu; Ajit, Kumar Yadav; Bereket, Yakob; Ayalnesh, Zemene Yalew; Yuichiro, Yano; Mehdi, Yaseri; Pengpeng, Ye; Paul, Yip; Naohiro, Yonemoto; Seok Jun, Yoon; Mustafa, Z. Younis; Chuanhua, Yu; Zoubida, Zaidi; Maysaa, El Sayed Zaki; Jun, Zhu; Ben, Zipkin; Sanjay, Zodpey; Liesl, Joanna Zuhlke; Christopher, J. L. Murray

doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31679-8

The aim of the study was to provide an up-to-date synthesis of the evidence for risk factor exposure and the attributable burden of disease.

Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 / Mohammad, H.F., Ashkan, A., Lily, T.A., Ross Anderson, H., Zulfiqar, A.B., Stan, B., Michael, B., Richard, B., Kelly, C., Fiona, J.C., Aaron, J.C., Lalit, D., Kara, E., Alize, J.F., Joseph, J.F., Nancy, F., Peter, W.G., William, W.G., Max, G., Yohannes, K., et al.. - In: THE LANCET. - ISSN 0140-6736. - ELETTRONICO. - 388:(2016), pp. 1659-1724. [10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31679-8]