Single-stage operation using hypothermic circulatory arrest to remove uterine intravenous leiomyomatosis extended to the vena cava and right atrium

Intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL) is an uncommon condition characterized by an intraluminal growth of benign smooth muscle cells in venous vessels. While IVL confined within the inferior vena cava usually causes few symptoms—including pelvic pain and edema of the lower extremities—the tumor may extend to the heart, causing intermittent obstruction of the tricuspid valve or right ventricular obstruction outflow, and subsequently right-sided heart failure or death. The present article reports a case of IVL extending to the heart that was treated in a single-stage operation involving cardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermic circulatory arrest.