Phytotoxic Lipophilic Metabolites Produced by Grapevine Strains of Lasiodiplodia Species in Brazil

Phytotoxic metabolites produced in liquid culture by six species of Lasiodiplodia isolated in Brazil and causing Botryosphaeria dieback of grapevine were chemically identified. As ascertained by LC/MS, L. brasiliense, L. crassispora, L. jatrophicola, and L. pseudotheobromae produced jasmonic acid, and L. brasiliense synthesized, besides jasmonic acid, also (3R,4S)-4-hydroxymellein. L. euphorbicola and L. hormozganensis produced some low molecular weight lipophilic toxins. Specifically, L. euphorbicola produced (-)-mellein, (3R,4R)-(-)- and (3R,4S)-(-)-4-hydroxymellein, and tyrosol, and L. hormozganensis synthesized tyrosol and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. This is the first report on the production of the above cited metabolites from L. euphorbicola and L. hormozganensis. The phytotoxic activity of the metabolites produced is also discussed and related to the symptoms these pathogens cause in the grapevine host plants.