Prognostic role of internal jugular vein preservation in neck dissection for head and neck cancer

Background and Objectives Sparing internal jugular vein (IJV) in neck dissection for head and neck cancer is controversial. We aimed at evaluating the prognostic impact of IJV preservation. Methods We examined 206 files of head and neck cancer patients who underwent radical or modified radical neck dissection at the Otolaryngology University of Florence. The site of primary tumor was larynx and hypopharynx in 44.66%, oropharynx in 25.24%, oral cavity in 23.3%, unknown in 4.85%, salivary glands and rhinopharynx in 0.97%. In 60.19% the IJV was resected, in 39.81% preserved. Prognostic impact of IJV preservation was assessed by Kaplan–Meier and multivariate analysis. Results Neck recurrence occurred in 25.2%: the IJV was resected in 42.31%, in 57.69% preserved (P = 0.02). At multivariate analysis, neck recurrence resulted significantly associated to extracapsular spread (ECS) (P = 0.009), IJV preservation (P = 0.01), positive margins (P = 0.02). In ECS positive patients, a higher risk of neck recurrence was documented for IJV preservation (P = 0.012). A worse prognosis was observed for patients with IJV spared (P = 0.06). Conclusions IJV preservation is associated with an increased risk of neck failure and a worse outcome, mainly in patients with ECS of nodes.