The time-of-flight (ToF) system is one of the key elements of the PAMELA apparatus. It provides the fast trigger to the experiment, the rejection of albedo particles and, alongside with the magnetic spectrometer, the particle identification in the lower part of the explored energy spectrum. The possibility to distinguish electrons from anti-protons up to about 1 GeV and to separate light isotopes at low energies lies also on a good knowledge and control of the instrumental performance of the ToF system. During the three years in flight, a set of calibration methods have been carried out in order to evaluate, and eventually compensate, the natural degradation of the system. In this paper, we describe the procedures developed and the actual performance of the system.
In-orbit performance of the time of flight of the PAMELA experiment / Campana, D.; Adriani, O.; Barbarino, G.C.; Bazilevskaya, G.A.; Bellottik, R.; Boezio, M.; Bogomolov, E.A.; Bonechi, L.; Bongi, M.; Bonvicini, V.; Bottai, S.; Bruno, A.; Cafagna, F.; Carlson, P.; Casolino, M.; Castellini, G.; De Santis, C.; De Simone, N. De Pascale; De Rosa, G.; Di Felice, V.; Galper, A.M.; Grishantseva, L.; Hofverberg, P.; Koldashov, S.V.; Krutkov, S.Y.; Kvashnin, A.N.; Leonov, A.; Marcelli, L.; Menn, W.; Mikhailov, V.V.; Mocchiutti, E.; Nikonov, N.; Osteria, G.; Papini, P.; Peroni, M.; Pearce, M.; Picozza, P.; Ricci, M.; Ricciarini, S.B.; Simon, M.; Sparvoli, R.; Spillantini, P.; Stozhkov, Y.I.; Vacchi, A.; Vannuccini, E.; Vasilyev, G.; Voronov, S.A.; Yurkin, Y.T.; Zampa, G.; Zampa, N.; Zverev, V.G.. - ELETTRONICO. - (2009), pp. 1-4. (Intervento presentato al convegno 31st International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2009 tenutosi a Lodz, pol nel 2009).
In-orbit performance of the time of flight of the PAMELA experiment
ADRIANI, OSCAR;BONGI, MASSIMO;
2009
Abstract
The time-of-flight (ToF) system is one of the key elements of the PAMELA apparatus. It provides the fast trigger to the experiment, the rejection of albedo particles and, alongside with the magnetic spectrometer, the particle identification in the lower part of the explored energy spectrum. The possibility to distinguish electrons from anti-protons up to about 1 GeV and to separate light isotopes at low energies lies also on a good knowledge and control of the instrumental performance of the ToF system. During the three years in flight, a set of calibration methods have been carried out in order to evaluate, and eventually compensate, the natural degradation of the system. In this paper, we describe the procedures developed and the actual performance of the system.
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