Ethnopharmacological relevance: TheEuropeanPharmacopoeia(Ph.Eur.)isastandardreferenceforboth European andnon-Europeancountriesanddefines requirementsforthequalitativeandquantitative composition ofmedicines.Herbaldrug(HD)monographsstatewhichaspectshavetobeconsideredfor qualityassurancethroughtherelevantchapters “Definition”, “Characters”, “Identification”, “Tests”, and “Assay”. Identification ofbotanicalmaterialisachievedbymacroscopicandmicroscopicmorphology, generallyexaminedbyatrainedexpert.Contentorassayisthemostdifficult areaofqualitycontrolto perform, sinceinmostherbaldrugstheactiveconstituentsareunknownandmarkersshouldbeused which cannotbereallyrelatedtothequality.Theothercriticalpointsarerepresentedbythepuritytests, in particularsometestssuchasheavymetals,aflatoxinsandpesticidesarelaboriousandtimeintensive, requiringasignificant investmentinequipment,materials,andmaintenance. Material andmethods: Aliteraturesurveyconcerningalternativeand/orcomplementarytoolsfor qualitycontrolofbotanicalshasbeenperformedbysearchingthescientific databasesPubmed,SciFinder, Scopus andWebofScience. Results: DiverseanalyticalmethodsincludingDNA fingerprinting, NuclearMagneticResonance (NMR), NearInfraRed(NIR)and(bio)sensorshavebeenreportedintheliteraturetoevaluatethe qualityofbotanicalproducts.Identification ofplantsatthespecieslevelcanbesuccessfullybasedon genome-based methods,usingDNAbarcodes,thenucleotidesequenceofashortDNAfragment.NMR can providedirectNMR fingerprint determination(completeassignmentofthesignalsby1Dand2D experiments),quantitativeNMRandchemometricanalysis(themetabolite fingerprint isbasedonthe distribution ofintensityintheNMRspectrumtoprovidesampleclassification). NIRspectroscopyisafast qualitativeandquantitativeanalyticalmethod,gettingknowledgeaboutplantspeciesand/orits geographicorigin.Finally,thedevelopmentofchemicalandbiologicalsensorsiscurrentlyoneofthe most activeareasofanalyticalresearch.Immobilizationofspecific enzymesledtorecognizedefinite class ofcompoundssuchascysteinesulfoxides,glucosinolates,cyanogenicglycosides,andpolyphenols. Other recognitionelementsarenucleicacidstoevaluatetheabilityofdifferentmoleculestobindDNA. Sensors havealsobeendevelopedforthedetectionofheavymetalsinbotanicals.Moreover,theanalysis of micotoxinsandpesticides,couldrepresentanother field ofpossibleapplication. Conclusions: Thesealternative/complementaryanalyticalmethodsrepresenttoolswhichappeartobe an analyst’s dream:theyareabletogiverapidanalysisresponses;tooperatedirectlyoncomplex matrices, inmanycases;tobeselectiveandsensitiveenoughfortherequiredapplication;tobeportable and sometimesalsodisposable;andtohavefastanalysistimes.
http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1090262
Titolo: | Science meets regulation |
Autori di Ateneo: | |
Autori: | BILIA, ANNA RITA |
Anno di registrazione: | 2014 |
Rivista: | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY |
Pagina iniziale: | 487 |
Pagina finale: | 494 |
Abstract: | Ethnopharmacological relevance: TheEuropeanPharmacopoeia(Ph.Eur.)isastandardreferenceforboth European andnon-Europeancountriesanddefines requirementsforthequalitativeandquantitative composition ofmedicines.Herbaldrug(HD)monographsstatewhichaspectshavetobeconsideredfor qualityassurancethroughtherelevantchapters “Definition”, “Characters”, “Identification”, “Tests”, and “Assay”. Identification ofbotanicalmaterialisachievedbymacroscopicandmicroscopicmorphology, generallyexaminedbyatrainedexpert.Contentorassayisthemostdifficult areaofqualitycontrolto perform, sinceinmostherbaldrugstheactiveconstituentsareunknownandmarkersshouldbeused which cannotbereallyrelatedtothequality.Theothercriticalpointsarerepresentedbythepuritytests, in particularsometestssuchasheavymetals,aflatoxinsandpesticidesarelaboriousandtimeintensive, requiringasignificant investmentinequipment,materials,andmaintenance. Material andmethods: Aliteraturesurveyconcerningalternativeand/orcomplementarytoolsfor qualitycontrolofbotanicalshasbeenperformedbysearchingthescientific databasesPubmed,SciFinder, Scopus andWebofScience. Results: DiverseanalyticalmethodsincludingDNA fingerprinting, NuclearMagneticResonance (NMR), NearInfraRed(NIR)and(bio)sensorshavebeenreportedintheliteraturetoevaluatethe qualityofbotanicalproducts.Identification ofplantsatthespecieslevelcanbesuccessfullybasedon genome-based methods,usingDNAbarcodes,thenucleotidesequenceofashortDNAfragment.NMR can providedirectNMR fingerprint determination(completeassignmentofthesignalsby1Dand2D experiments),quantitativeNMRandchemometricanalysis(themetabolite fingerprint isbasedonthe distribution ofintensityintheNMRspectrumtoprovidesampleclassification). NIRspectroscopyisafast qualitativeandquantitativeanalyticalmethod,gettingknowledgeaboutplantspeciesand/orits geographicorigin.Finally,thedevelopmentofchemicalandbiologicalsensorsiscurrentlyoneofthe most activeareasofanalyticalresearch.Immobilizationofspecific enzymesledtorecognizedefinite class ofcompoundssuchascysteinesulfoxides,glucosinolates,cyanogenicglycosides,andpolyphenols. Other recognitionelementsarenucleicacidstoevaluatetheabilityofdifferentmoleculestobindDNA. Sensors havealsobeendevelopedforthedetectionofheavymetalsinbotanicals.Moreover,theanalysis of micotoxinsandpesticides,couldrepresentanother field ofpossibleapplication. Conclusions: Thesealternative/complementaryanalyticalmethodsrepresenttoolswhichappeartobe an analyst’s dream:theyareabletogiverapidanalysisresponses;tooperatedirectlyoncomplex matrices, inmanycases;tobeselectiveandsensitiveenoughfortherequiredapplication;tobeportable and sometimesalsodisposable;andtohavefastanalysistimes. |
Handle: | http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1090262 |
Appare nelle tipologie: | 1a - Articolo su rivista |
File in questo prodotto:
File | Descrizione | Tipologia | Licenza | |
---|---|---|---|---|
science meets regulation.pdf | PDF editoriale | DRM non definito | Administrator | |
science meets regulation.pdf | PDF editoriale | DRM non definito | Administrator |