Metafore spaziali e metafore temporali. La nozione fenomenologica di "cosa materiale"

In phenomenology, as in philosophy of the mind, there exists a “difficult problem”: that is, a problem linked to the qualitative dimension. This problem takes concrete form in the constant presence of a residuum: the hyle as residue of intentional form; the plena as residue of extension; the resistance and force of matter as residue of the fabric of relations (in the first place, causal) from which the material object turns out to be woven. Intentionality, priority of extension, and determination thus constitute a bundle of mutually sustaining notions which converge into an extremely pervasive Standard Review, shared by philosophical theories and perspectives that are apparently divergent and remote from the phenomenological model. Changing this underlying paradigm will entail replacing the influential spatial metaphor with an influential temporal metaphor, which will be capable of transforming a categorical model of a static type (founded on the notion of invariance in variation) into a categorical model of a dynamic type (founded on the notion of invariance in transformation).