PURPOSE: In this study we have compared the body composition of elite athletes practicing two different sports, we also evaluated bone health in cyclists. METHODS: we enrolled 64 male athletes (15-21 years old): 52 soccer players and 12 cyclists, belonging to same soccer or cyclism team. The athletes were subjected to anthropometric evaluations, measurements of circumferences and skinfolds, DXA and BIA. Specifically, using Durnin & Rahaman formula we evaluated fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM). With DXA we evaluated Whole Body Total Fat (WBTF), Whole Body Total Lean (WBTL), Whole Body Total Mass (WBTM) and Whole Body Total Percentage of Fat(WBTPF). Furthermore BIA allowed us to measure Body Cellular Mass (BCM); Total Body Water (TBW); intracellular water (ICW), extracellular water (ECW) and the index of hydration. Cyclists were also subjected to blood samplings. RESULTS: In soccer players we observed (data expressed in Means) BMI 21,75. Waist, hip and bicep circumferences were 73,03; 91,51 and 26,69 cm respectively. Skinfolds sum was 54,57 mm. FM was 16,8% (12,0 kg) and FFM was 59,0 kg. DXA results were: 12,6 kg WBTF, 60,7kg WBTL and 17,2% WBTPF. BIA results were: 63,3 kg of FFM. BCM, TBW, ICW, ECW were: 39,03kg; 46,4L; 52% and 48%, respectively. Index of hydration was 6,6. In cyclists we observed: BMI 21,79. Waist, hip and bicep circumferences were 74,08, 94,38 and 29,13 cm. Skinfolds sum was 65,28 mm. FM was 14,5% (9,9 kg) and FFM was 58,1 kg. DXA results were: 12,1 kg WBTF, 57,96 kg WBTL and 17,14%.WBTPF. BIA results were: 58 kg of FFM. BCM, TBW, ICW, ECW were: 33,63kg; 43,4L; 55,9%; 44,1 %, respectively. Index of hydration was 7.2. Sieric mean value of Vitamine D was 29,87 ng/ml; Z score was-2,9. CONCLUSIONS: In athletes playing ciclism we observed, in addition to a minor concentration of FM, a lower percentage of FFM, mostly due to a reduction of bone mineral density (BMD), in line with former studies. Moreover, this study underlines how cyclism can induce a significant reduction of BMD. Therefore we should suggest a suspension of this activity for a period of about three or four months per year.
The Assessment Of Body Composition In Young Athletes / Galanti, Giorgio; Tosi, Benedetta; Bocci, Martina; Tempesti, Giulio; Mascherini, Gabriele; Cristian, Petri. - In: MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE. - ISSN 0195-9131. - ELETTRONICO. - 49:(2017), pp. 705-705. [10.1249/01.mss.0000518871.25125.11]
The Assessment Of Body Composition In Young Athletes
Galanti, Giorgio;Tosi, Benedetta;Tempesti, Giulio;Mascherini, Gabriele;Cristian, Petri
2017
Abstract
PURPOSE: In this study we have compared the body composition of elite athletes practicing two different sports, we also evaluated bone health in cyclists. METHODS: we enrolled 64 male athletes (15-21 years old): 52 soccer players and 12 cyclists, belonging to same soccer or cyclism team. The athletes were subjected to anthropometric evaluations, measurements of circumferences and skinfolds, DXA and BIA. Specifically, using Durnin & Rahaman formula we evaluated fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM). With DXA we evaluated Whole Body Total Fat (WBTF), Whole Body Total Lean (WBTL), Whole Body Total Mass (WBTM) and Whole Body Total Percentage of Fat(WBTPF). Furthermore BIA allowed us to measure Body Cellular Mass (BCM); Total Body Water (TBW); intracellular water (ICW), extracellular water (ECW) and the index of hydration. Cyclists were also subjected to blood samplings. RESULTS: In soccer players we observed (data expressed in Means) BMI 21,75. Waist, hip and bicep circumferences were 73,03; 91,51 and 26,69 cm respectively. Skinfolds sum was 54,57 mm. FM was 16,8% (12,0 kg) and FFM was 59,0 kg. DXA results were: 12,6 kg WBTF, 60,7kg WBTL and 17,2% WBTPF. BIA results were: 63,3 kg of FFM. BCM, TBW, ICW, ECW were: 39,03kg; 46,4L; 52% and 48%, respectively. Index of hydration was 6,6. In cyclists we observed: BMI 21,79. Waist, hip and bicep circumferences were 74,08, 94,38 and 29,13 cm. Skinfolds sum was 65,28 mm. FM was 14,5% (9,9 kg) and FFM was 58,1 kg. DXA results were: 12,1 kg WBTF, 57,96 kg WBTL and 17,14%.WBTPF. BIA results were: 58 kg of FFM. BCM, TBW, ICW, ECW were: 33,63kg; 43,4L; 55,9%; 44,1 %, respectively. Index of hydration was 7.2. Sieric mean value of Vitamine D was 29,87 ng/ml; Z score was-2,9. CONCLUSIONS: In athletes playing ciclism we observed, in addition to a minor concentration of FM, a lower percentage of FFM, mostly due to a reduction of bone mineral density (BMD), in line with former studies. Moreover, this study underlines how cyclism can induce a significant reduction of BMD. Therefore we should suggest a suspension of this activity for a period of about three or four months per year.
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