The Breast Size Satisfaction Survey (BSSS): Breast size dissatisfactionand its antecedents and outcomes in women from 40 nations

tThe Breast Size Satisfaction Survey (BSSS) was established to assess women’s breast size dissatisfactionand breasted experiences from a cross-national perspective. A total of 18,541 women were recruited from61 research sites across 40 nations and completed measures of current-ideal breast size discrepancy, aswell as measures of theorised antecedents (personality, Western and local media exposure, and proxies of socioeconomic status) and outcomes (weight and appearance dissatisfaction, breast awareness, and psychological well-being). In the total dataset, 47.5 % of women wanted larger breasts than they cur-rently had, 23.2 % wanted smaller breasts, and 29.3 % were satisfied with their current breast size. Therewere significant cross-national differences in mean ideal breast size and absolute breast size dissatisfac-tion, but effect sizes were small (2= .02–.03). The results of multilevel modelling showed that greaterNeuroticism, lower Conscientiousness, lower Western media exposure, greater local media exposure,lower financial security, and younger age were associated with greater breast size dissatisfaction acrossnations. In addition, greater absolute breast size dissatisfaction was associated with greater weight andappearance dissatisfaction, poorer breast awareness, and poorer psychological well-being across nations.These results indicate that breast size dissatisfaction is a global public health concern linked to women’spsychological and physical well-being.