Kounis syndrome: a clinical entity penetrating from pediatrics to geriatrics

Kounis syndrome is a clinical entity penetrating from pediatrics to geriatrics. Its management requires rapid diagnosis, appropriate decision-making and adequate treatment. A balanced approach needed for optimal management of allergic reaction and cardiac involvement seems not easy to reach. This could be attributed to limited published experiences on this topic (isolated case series), along with the lack of randomized clinical trials concerning appropriate management of Kounis syndrome. Thus, more research data are needed for the establishment of an evidence-based standard management approach. Moreover, for Kounis syndrome, it seems of critical importance to deepen the research on underlying physiopathological mechanisms as well as the proposal of novel specific diagnostic tests. Data regarding allergological work-up in patients with this syndrome are scarce and they should be expanded in the future.