Background: Olfactory function can be rapidly evaluated by means of standardized olfactory tests. Multiple-choice smell identification tests can be conditioned by cultural background. To investigate a new tool for detecting olfactory deficit in Italian subjects we developed a multiple-choice identification test prepared with odorants belonging to the Italian culture. Methods: The Italian Olfactory Identification Test (IOIT) was developed with 33 microencapsulated odorants with intensity of odors and headspace Gas Chromatography being tested. Test-retest reliability of the IOIT was evaluated. The IOIT was administered to 511 controls and 133 Parkinson's patients. Results: In healthy subjects the number of IOIT errors increased with age for both females (p < 0.0001) and males (p < 0.0001), while in the Parkinson's disease group the number of IOIT errors was significantly greater where compared to healthy subjects (p < 0.0001 in all age groups). The reference limits applied to all age groups revealed an IOIT sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 99%. The test-retest reliability was excellent. Conclusion: The IOIT is highly reliable, disposable, easy to administer, not fragile, and has a long shelf-life. All these features make the IOIT suitable for clinical use as well as for population screening and to discriminate Parkinson's patients from healthy subjects. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
The validity and reliability of the Italian Olfactory Identification Test (IOIT) in healthy subjects and in Parkinson's disease patients / Maremmani C.; Rossi G.; Tambasco N.; Fattori B.; Pieroni A.; Ramat S.; Napolitano A.; Vanni P.; Serra P.; Piersanti P.; Zanetti M.; Coltelli M.; Orsini M.; Marconi R.; Purcaro C.; Rossi A.; Calabresi P.; Meco G.. - In: PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS. - ISSN 1353-8020. - ELETTRONICO. - 18:(2012), pp. 788-793. [10.1016/j.parkreldis.2012.03.021]
The validity and reliability of the Italian Olfactory Identification Test (IOIT) in healthy subjects and in Parkinson's disease patients
Rossi G.;Ramat S.;
2012
Abstract
Background: Olfactory function can be rapidly evaluated by means of standardized olfactory tests. Multiple-choice smell identification tests can be conditioned by cultural background. To investigate a new tool for detecting olfactory deficit in Italian subjects we developed a multiple-choice identification test prepared with odorants belonging to the Italian culture. Methods: The Italian Olfactory Identification Test (IOIT) was developed with 33 microencapsulated odorants with intensity of odors and headspace Gas Chromatography being tested. Test-retest reliability of the IOIT was evaluated. The IOIT was administered to 511 controls and 133 Parkinson's patients. Results: In healthy subjects the number of IOIT errors increased with age for both females (p < 0.0001) and males (p < 0.0001), while in the Parkinson's disease group the number of IOIT errors was significantly greater where compared to healthy subjects (p < 0.0001 in all age groups). The reference limits applied to all age groups revealed an IOIT sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 99%. The test-retest reliability was excellent. Conclusion: The IOIT is highly reliable, disposable, easy to administer, not fragile, and has a long shelf-life. All these features make the IOIT suitable for clinical use as well as for population screening and to discriminate Parkinson's patients from healthy subjects. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
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