Objective: Although the adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2 has been characterised in the acute and early convalescent phase of the disease, few studies explore whether natural infection elicits long-lasting immunological memory in recovered individuals. In this work, we aimed to assess the maintenance of immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2. Methods: We evaluated the long-term virus-specific cellular and humoral immune response in the members of an Italian Serie A football team, who experienced a cluster of COVID-19 in March 2020, which was strictly evaluated in the following months. Results: Our results highlight a heterogeneous magnitude of immunological memory at 5 months after infection. Indeed, 20% of the subjects displayed a weak cellular and humoral memory to SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that they may be at higher risk of reinfection. In addition, a history of symptomatic COVID-19 was associated with higher levels of SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD4+ T cells and specific antibody levels than in asymptomatic individuals. Conclusion: Collectively, these data demonstrate that immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is maintained five months postinfection even if the magnitude of response is heterogeneous among individuals. This finding suggests that some COVID-19-recovered subjects may benefit from vaccination.
Heterogeneous magnitude of immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 in recovered individuals / Mazzoni A.; Maggi L.; Capone M.; Vanni A.; Spinicci M.; Salvati L.; Tekle Kiros S.; Semeraro R.; Pengue L.; Colao M.G.; Magi A.; Rossolini G.M.; Liotta F.; Cosmi L.; Bartoloni A.; Annunziato F.. - In: CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY. - ISSN 2050-0068. - ELETTRONICO. - 10:(2021), pp. e1281-e1281. [10.1002/cti2.1281]
Heterogeneous magnitude of immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 in recovered individuals
Mazzoni A.;Maggi L.;Capone M.;Vanni A.;Spinicci M.;Salvati L.;Semeraro R.;Pengue L.;Magi A.;Rossolini G. M.;Liotta F.;Cosmi L.;Bartoloni A.;Annunziato F.
2021
Abstract
Objective: Although the adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2 has been characterised in the acute and early convalescent phase of the disease, few studies explore whether natural infection elicits long-lasting immunological memory in recovered individuals. In this work, we aimed to assess the maintenance of immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2. Methods: We evaluated the long-term virus-specific cellular and humoral immune response in the members of an Italian Serie A football team, who experienced a cluster of COVID-19 in March 2020, which was strictly evaluated in the following months. Results: Our results highlight a heterogeneous magnitude of immunological memory at 5 months after infection. Indeed, 20% of the subjects displayed a weak cellular and humoral memory to SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that they may be at higher risk of reinfection. In addition, a history of symptomatic COVID-19 was associated with higher levels of SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD4+ T cells and specific antibody levels than in asymptomatic individuals. Conclusion: Collectively, these data demonstrate that immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is maintained five months postinfection even if the magnitude of response is heterogeneous among individuals. This finding suggests that some COVID-19-recovered subjects may benefit from vaccination.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Clin Trans Imm - 2021 - Mazzoni - Heterogeneous magnitude of immunological memory to SARS‐CoV‐2 in recovered individuals.pdf
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