One and half year following the occurrence of COVID-19 pandemic, significant efforts from laboratories all over the world generated a huge amount of data describing the prototypical features of immunity in the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this Review, we rationalize and organize the main observations, trying to define a "core" signature of immunity in COVID-19. We identified six hallmarks describing the main alterations occurring in the early infection phase and in the course of the disease, which predispose to severe illness. The six hallmarks are dysregulated type I IFN activity, hyperinflammation, lymphopenia, lymphocyte impairment, dysregulated myeloid response, and heterogeneous adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Dysregulation and exhaustion came out as the trait d'union, connecting abnormalities affecting both innate and adaptive immunity, humoral and cellular responses.
Hallmarks of immune response in COVID-19: Exploring dysregulation and exhaustion / Mazzoni, Alessio; Salvati, Lorenzo; Maggi, Laura; Annunziato, Francesco; Cosmi, Lorenzo. - In: SEMINARS IN IMMUNOLOGY. - ISSN 1044-5323. - ELETTRONICO. - (2021), pp. 0-0. [10.1016/j.smim.2021.101508]
Hallmarks of immune response in COVID-19: Exploring dysregulation and exhaustion
Mazzoni, Alessio;Salvati, Lorenzo;Maggi, Laura;Annunziato, Francesco;Cosmi, Lorenzo
2021
Abstract
One and half year following the occurrence of COVID-19 pandemic, significant efforts from laboratories all over the world generated a huge amount of data describing the prototypical features of immunity in the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this Review, we rationalize and organize the main observations, trying to define a "core" signature of immunity in COVID-19. We identified six hallmarks describing the main alterations occurring in the early infection phase and in the course of the disease, which predispose to severe illness. The six hallmarks are dysregulated type I IFN activity, hyperinflammation, lymphopenia, lymphocyte impairment, dysregulated myeloid response, and heterogeneous adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Dysregulation and exhaustion came out as the trait d'union, connecting abnormalities affecting both innate and adaptive immunity, humoral and cellular responses.I documenti in FLORE sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.