Background: The “classic” thyroid gland arterial vascularization takes into account two superior thyroid arteries (STA), two inferior thyroid arteries (ITA) and, occasionally, a thyroid ima artery (TIMA). The present review focuses on exploring the available data concerning thyroid gland arterial vascularization and its variations. Methods: Here, we analysed 49 articles from the last century, ranging from case reports to reviews concerning cadaver dissection classes, surgical intervention, and non-invasive techniques as well. Results: The harvested data clearly highlighted that: (i) the STA originates predominantly from the external carotid artery; (ii) the ITA is a branch of the thyrocervical trunk; and (iii) the TIMA is a very uncommon variant predominantly occur-ring to compensate for ITA absence. Conclusion: A systematic review of a highly vascularized organ is of great relevance during surgical intervention and, thus, the knowledge of normal anatomy and its modification is essential both for fact-finding and in surgery.
The Thyroid Gland: A Revision Study on Its Vascularization and Surgical Implications / Branca, Jacopo Junio Valerio; Lascialfari Bruschi, Alfredo; Pilia, Antonino Marcello; Carrino, Donatello; Guarnieri, Giulia; Gulisano, Massimo; Pacini, Alessandra; Paternostro, Ferdinando. - In: MEDICINA. - ISSN 1648-9144. - ELETTRONICO. - 58:(2022), pp. 137-148. [10.3390/medicina58010137]
The Thyroid Gland: A Revision Study on Its Vascularization and Surgical Implications
Branca, Jacopo Junio Valerio;Lascialfari Bruschi, Alfredo;Pilia, Antonino Marcello;Carrino, Donatello;Guarnieri, Giulia;Gulisano, Massimo;Pacini, Alessandra;Paternostro, Ferdinando
2022
Abstract
Background: The “classic” thyroid gland arterial vascularization takes into account two superior thyroid arteries (STA), two inferior thyroid arteries (ITA) and, occasionally, a thyroid ima artery (TIMA). The present review focuses on exploring the available data concerning thyroid gland arterial vascularization and its variations. Methods: Here, we analysed 49 articles from the last century, ranging from case reports to reviews concerning cadaver dissection classes, surgical intervention, and non-invasive techniques as well. Results: The harvested data clearly highlighted that: (i) the STA originates predominantly from the external carotid artery; (ii) the ITA is a branch of the thyrocervical trunk; and (iii) the TIMA is a very uncommon variant predominantly occur-ring to compensate for ITA absence. Conclusion: A systematic review of a highly vascularized organ is of great relevance during surgical intervention and, thus, the knowledge of normal anatomy and its modification is essential both for fact-finding and in surgery.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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