Second Victim Experience and Support Tool: An Assessment of Psychometric Properties of Italian Version

Introduction: Second victim syndrome is a hidden pitfall inside health care organizations. The impact of a patient safety incident on health and safety of health care workers (HCWs) is still a matter with limited evidence in terms of prevalence, etiology, and effects. The aims of this study were to validate the Italian version of the Second Victim Experience and Support Tool (I-SVEST) and determine its psychometric properties in a group of HCWs exposed to patient safety incidents. Materials and methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey. Construct validity for the total score and for each of the 7 subscales was assessed using principal component analysis and internal consistency using Cronbach α coefficient. Results: The prevalence of second victims in our sample was 35.4% (85/240). The component SVEST was positively associated with turnover intentions but not directly related to absenteeism and sociodemographic characteristics. Absenteeism and sociodemographic characteristics components were positively associated with turnover intentions. Factor analysis confirmed that the questionnaire has 7 dimensions: psychological distress, physical distress, colleague support, supervisor support, institutional support, non-work-related support, and professional self-efficacy. Cronbach α for the Italian version was strong at α = 0.855. Cronbach α ranged from 0.613 for colleague support to 0.882 for supervisor support. Conclusions: The Italian version of the SVEST has excellent psychometric properties and can be used to detect prevalence in different contexts, to support studies and preventive interventions for Italian HCWs. The SVEST provides a robust model to describe the concept of second victim and to conduct comparisons with cross-sectional and longitudinal studies.