Epilepsy presurgical investigation may include focal intracortical single-pulse electrical stimulations with depth electrodes, which induce cortico-cortical evoked potentials at distant sites because of white matter connectivity. Cortico-cortical evoked potentials provide a unique window on functional brain networks because they contain sufficient information to infer dynamical properties of large-scale brain connectivity, such as preferred directionality and propagation latencies. Here, we developed a biologically informed modelling approach to estimate the neural physiological parameters of brain functional networks from the cortico-cortical evoked potentials recorded in a large multicentric database. Specifically, we considered each cortico-cortical evoked potential as the output of a transient stimulus entering the stimulated region, which directly propagated to the recording region. Both regions were modelled as coupled neural mass models, the parameters of which were estimated from the first cortico-cortical evoked potential component, occurring before 80 ms, using dynamic causal modelling and Bayesian model inversion. This methodology was applied to the data of 780 patients with epilepsy from the F-TRACT database, providing a total of 34 354 bipolar stimulations and 774 445 cortico-cortical evoked potentials. The cortical mapping of the local excitatory and inhibitory synaptic time constants and of the axonal conduction delays between cortical regions was obtained at the population level using anatomy-based averaging procedures, based on the Lausanne2008 and the HCP-MMP1 parcellation schemes, containing 130 and 360 parcels, respectively. To rule out brain maturation effects, a separate analysis was performed for older (>15 years) and younger patients (<15 years). In the group of older subjects, we found that the cortico-cortical axonal conduction delays between parcels were globally short (median = 10.2 ms) and only 16% were larger than 20 ms. This was associated to a median velocity of 3.9 m/s. Although a general lengthening of these delays with the distance between the stimulating and recording contacts was observed across the cortex, some regions were less affected by this rule, such as the insula for which almost all efferent and afferent connections were faster than 10 ms. Synaptic time constants were found to be shorter in the sensorimotor, medial occipital and latero-temporal regions, than in other cortical areas. Finally, we found that axonal conduction delays were significantly larger in the group of subjects younger than 15 years, which corroborates that brain maturation increases the speed of brain dynamics. To our knowledge, this study is the first to provide a local estimation of axonal conduction delays and synaptic time constants across the whole human cortex in vivo, based on intracerebral electrophysiological recordings.
A brain atlas of axonal and synaptic delays based on modelling of cortico-cortical evoked potentials / Lemaréchal JD, Jedynak M, Trebaul L, Boyer A, Tadel F, Bhattacharjee M, Deman P, Tuyisenge V, Ayoubian L, Hugues E, Chanteloup-Forêt B, Saubat C, Zouglech R, Reyes Mejia GC, Tourbier S, Hagmann P, Adam C, Barba C, Bartolomei F, Blauwblomme T, Curot J, Dubeau F, Francione S, Garcés M, Hirsch E, Landré E, Liu S, Maillard L, Metsähonkala EL, Mindruta I, Nica A, Pail M, Petrescu AM, Rheims S, Rocamora R, Schulze-Bonhage A, Szurhaj W, Taussig D, Valentin A, Wang H, Kahane P, George N, David O; F-TRACT consortium. Claude Adam, Vincent Navarro, Arnaud Biraben, Anca Nica, Dominique Menard, Milan Brazdil, Robert Kuba, Jitka Kočvarová, Martin Pail, Irena Doležalová, François Dubeau, Jean Gotman, Philippe Ryvlin, Jean Isnard, Hélène Catenoix, Alexandra Montavont, Sylvain Rheims, Fabrice Bartolomei, Agnès Trébuchon, Aileen McGonigal, Wenjing Zhou, Haixiang Wang, Sinclair Liu, Zhang Wei, Zhu Dan, Guo Qiang, Hu Xiangshu, Li Hua, Hua Gang, Wang Wensheng, Mei Xi, Feng Yigang, Rima Nabbout, Marie Bourgeois, Anna Kaminska, Thomas Blauwblomme, Mercedes Garcés, Antonio Valentin, Rinki Singh, Liisa Metsähonkala, Eija Gaily, Leena Lauronen, Maria Peltola, Francine Chassoux, Elizabeth Landré, Philippe Derambure, William Szurhaj, Maxime Chochois, Edouard Hirsch, Maria Paola Valenti, Julia Scholly, Luc Valton, Marie Denuelle, Jonathan Curot, Rodrigo Rocamora, Alessandro Principe, Miguel Ley, Ioana Mindruta, Andrei Barborica, Stefano Francione, Roberto Mai, Lino Nobili, Ivana Sartori, Laura Tassi, Louis Maillard, Jean-Pierre Vignal, Jacques Jonas, Louise Tyvaert, Mathilde Chipaux, Delphine Taussig, Philippe Kahane, Lorella Minotti, Anne-Sophie Job, Véronique Michel, Marie de Montaudoin, Jérôme Aupy, Viviane Bouilleret, Ana Maria Petrescu, Pascal Masnou, Claire Dussaule, Marion Quirins, Delphine Taussig, Carmen Barba, Renzo Guerrini, Matteo Lenge, Elisa Nacci. - In: BRAIN. - ISSN 0006-8950. - ELETTRONICO. - (2022), pp. 0-0. [10.1093/brain/awab362]
A brain atlas of axonal and synaptic delays based on modelling of cortico-cortical evoked potentials
Barba CWriting – Review & Editing
;Carmen BarbaWriting – Review & Editing
;Renzo GuerriniMembro del Collaboration Group
;
2022
Abstract
Epilepsy presurgical investigation may include focal intracortical single-pulse electrical stimulations with depth electrodes, which induce cortico-cortical evoked potentials at distant sites because of white matter connectivity. Cortico-cortical evoked potentials provide a unique window on functional brain networks because they contain sufficient information to infer dynamical properties of large-scale brain connectivity, such as preferred directionality and propagation latencies. Here, we developed a biologically informed modelling approach to estimate the neural physiological parameters of brain functional networks from the cortico-cortical evoked potentials recorded in a large multicentric database. Specifically, we considered each cortico-cortical evoked potential as the output of a transient stimulus entering the stimulated region, which directly propagated to the recording region. Both regions were modelled as coupled neural mass models, the parameters of which were estimated from the first cortico-cortical evoked potential component, occurring before 80 ms, using dynamic causal modelling and Bayesian model inversion. This methodology was applied to the data of 780 patients with epilepsy from the F-TRACT database, providing a total of 34 354 bipolar stimulations and 774 445 cortico-cortical evoked potentials. The cortical mapping of the local excitatory and inhibitory synaptic time constants and of the axonal conduction delays between cortical regions was obtained at the population level using anatomy-based averaging procedures, based on the Lausanne2008 and the HCP-MMP1 parcellation schemes, containing 130 and 360 parcels, respectively. To rule out brain maturation effects, a separate analysis was performed for older (>15 years) and younger patients (<15 years). In the group of older subjects, we found that the cortico-cortical axonal conduction delays between parcels were globally short (median = 10.2 ms) and only 16% were larger than 20 ms. This was associated to a median velocity of 3.9 m/s. Although a general lengthening of these delays with the distance between the stimulating and recording contacts was observed across the cortex, some regions were less affected by this rule, such as the insula for which almost all efferent and afferent connections were faster than 10 ms. Synaptic time constants were found to be shorter in the sensorimotor, medial occipital and latero-temporal regions, than in other cortical areas. Finally, we found that axonal conduction delays were significantly larger in the group of subjects younger than 15 years, which corroborates that brain maturation increases the speed of brain dynamics. To our knowledge, this study is the first to provide a local estimation of axonal conduction delays and synaptic time constants across the whole human cortex in vivo, based on intracerebral electrophysiological recordings.
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