Wave-induced water-mass flow across shore-defense detached and emergent rubble-mound breakwaters

Cappietti, L. and Simonetti, I., 2020. Wave-induced water-mass flow and energy transmission across shore-defense detached and emergent rubble-mound breakwaters. In: Malvárez, G. and Navas, F. (eds.), Global Coastal Issues of 2020. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 95, pp. 197-201. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. This article presents laboratory experiments and results on wave-induced water-mass flow across the detached and emergent rubble-mound breakwaters frequently proposed as coastal protection structures. A new set of laboratory experiments were conducted in order to enlarge the range of parameters already tested by the same authors. This new set of experiments confirms the previous findings, i.e. the shoreward wave-induced water-mass mean discharge that flows through the rubble-mound can be substantially higher than the water-mass mean discharge that passes behind the breakwater by overtopping its crest level.