The Role of Surgery in the Treatment of Metachronous Liver Metastasis from Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review

Background: Few data are available regarding metachronous liver metastases from gastric cancer. We aimed to identify data regarding the survival of these patients, considering the chosen treatment, with particular attention to the role of surgery. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was carried out from 2000 to 2020. We chose articles reporting data from patients with metachronous liver metastases after curative gastrectomy. Data regarding 1-, 3and 5-year overall survival were analyzed. Results: Survival was improved in patients eligible for surgery (absence of extrahepatic non-curative factors and feasible complete macroscopic removal of liver deposits, i.e., H1 and H2 liver involvement, metastases less than 5 cm in size) when curative liver resection was performed, with a median overall survival of 24 months (vs. 3.13 in patients treated with chemotherapy). N Status, extent and maximum size of liver metastases, and hepatic surgical treatment were identified as independent prognostic factors. Conclusion: Selected patients with metachronous liver metastases from gastric cancer may benefit from multimodal 'aggressive' treatment. When hepatic involvement is limited (H1 and H2) and the size of metastases less than 5 cm, surgery was shown to increase survival.