Immune checkpoints are involved in controlling the activation or inhibition of the immune response and are associated with receptors on the immune cell surface [1]. A type of immunotherapy is represented by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) which have the function of stimulating the anti-tumor immune response by blocking the cell surface receptors of T lymphocytes [2]. The blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 molecules repre sents two of the most promising checkpoint inhibition strategies used in recent years [3]. In particular, PD-1 plays a crucial inhibitory role in the signalling of programmed cell death in response to the T cell-mediated process [4]. It is widely expressed in different types of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). During the binding of PD-1 to its ligand PD-L1, an inhibitory signal is transmitted resulting in T-cell inhibition and, ultimately, exhaustion [5]. PD-1 acts primarily to limit T cell activity in peripheral tissues in the later stages of tumor progression, unlike CTLA-4 which instead regulates T cell activity in the early stages of tumor growth [6].
Current Landscape and Future Direction of PD-1/PD-L1 Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Treatment / Margheri F.. - In: BIOMOLECULES. - ISSN 2218-273X. - ELETTRONICO. - 13:(2023), pp. 0-0. [10.3390/biom13081209]
Current Landscape and Future Direction of PD-1/PD-L1 Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Treatment
Margheri F.
2023
Abstract
Immune checkpoints are involved in controlling the activation or inhibition of the immune response and are associated with receptors on the immune cell surface [1]. A type of immunotherapy is represented by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) which have the function of stimulating the anti-tumor immune response by blocking the cell surface receptors of T lymphocytes [2]. The blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 molecules repre sents two of the most promising checkpoint inhibition strategies used in recent years [3]. In particular, PD-1 plays a crucial inhibitory role in the signalling of programmed cell death in response to the T cell-mediated process [4]. It is widely expressed in different types of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). During the binding of PD-1 to its ligand PD-L1, an inhibitory signal is transmitted resulting in T-cell inhibition and, ultimately, exhaustion [5]. PD-1 acts primarily to limit T cell activity in peripheral tissues in the later stages of tumor progression, unlike CTLA-4 which instead regulates T cell activity in the early stages of tumor growth [6].File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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