Body appreciation around the world: Measurement invariance of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age

Swami, V.; Tran, U. S.; Stieger, S.; Aavik, T.; Ranjbar, H. A.; Adebayo, S. O.; Afhami, R.; Ahmed, O.; Aime, A.; Akel, M.; Halbusi, H. A.; Alexias, G.; Ali, K. F.; Alp-Dal, N.; Alsalhani, A. B.; Alvares-Solas, S.; Amaral, A. C. S.; Andrianto, S.; Aspden, T.; Argyrides, M.; Aruta, J. J. B. R.; Atkin, S.; Ayandele, O.; Baceviciene, M.; Bahbouh, R.; Ballesio, A.; Barron, D.; Bellard, A.; Bender, S. S.; Beydag, K. D.; Birovljevic, G.; Blackburn, M. -E.; Borja-Alvarez, T.; Borowiec, J.; Bozoganova, M.; Bratland-Sanda, S.; Browning, M. H. E. M.; Brytek-Matera, A.; Burakova, M.; Cakir-Kocak, Y.; Camacho, P.; Camilleri, V. E.; Cazzato, V.; Cerea, S.; Chaiwutikornwanich, A.; Chaleeraktrakoon, T.; Chambers, T.; Chen, Q. -W.; Chen, X.; Chien, C. -L.; Chobthamkit, P.; Choompunuch, B.; Compte, E. J.; Corrigan, J.; Cosmas, G.; Cowden, R. G.; Czepczor-Bernat, K.; Czub, M.; Da Silva, W. R.; Dadfar, M.; Dalley, S. E.; Dany, L.; Datu, J. A. D.; Berbert De Carvalho, P. H.; Coelho, G. L. D. H.; De Jesus, A. O. S.; Debbabi, S. H.; Dhakal, S.; Di Bernardo, F.; Dimitrova, D. D.; Dion, J.; Dixson, B.; Donofrio, S. M.; Drysch, M.; Du, H.; Dzhambov, A. M.; El-Jor, C.; Enea, V.; Eskin, M.; Farbod, F.; Farrugia, L.; Fian, L.; Fisher, M. L.; Folwarczny, M.; Frederick, D. A.; Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M.; Furnham, A.; Garcia, A. A.; Geller, S.; Ghisi, M.; Ghorbani, A.; Martinez, M. A. G.; Gradidge, S.; Graf, S.; Grano, C.; Gyene, G.; Hallit, S.; Hamdan, M.; Handelzalts, J. E.; Hanel, P. H. P.; Hawks, S. R.; Hekmati, I.; Helmy, M.; Hill, T.; Hina, F.; Holenweger, G.; Hrebickova, M.; Ijabadeniyi, O. A.; Imam, A.; Ince, B.; Irrazabal, N.; Jankauskiene, R.; Jiang, D. -Y.; Jimenez-Borja, M.; Jimenez-Borja, V.; Johnson, E. M.; Jovanovic, V.; Jovic, M.; Jovic, M.; Junqueira, A. C. P.; Kahle, L. -M.; Kantanista, A.; Karakiraz, A.; Karkin, A. N.; Kasten, E.; Khatib, S.; Khieowan, N.; Kimong, P. J.; Kiropoulos, L.; Knittel, J.; Kohli, N.; Koprivnik, M.; Kospakov, A.; Krol-Zielinska, M.; Krug, I.; Kuan, G.; Kueh, Y. C.; Kujan, O.; Kukic, M.; Kumar, S.; Kumar, V.; Lamba, N.; Lauri, M. A.; Laus, M. F.; Leblanc, L. A.; Lee, H. J.; Lipowska, M.; Lipowski, M.; Lombardo, C.; Lukacs, A.; Maiano, C.; Malik, S.; Manjary, M.; Baldo, L. M.; Martinez-Banfi, M.; Massar, K.; Matera, C.; Mcanirlin, O.; Mebarak, M. R.; Mechri, A.; Meireles, J. F. F.; Mesko, N.; Mills, J.; Miyairi, M.; Modi, R.; Modrzejewska, A.; Modrzejewska, J.; Mulgrew, K. E.; Myers, T. A.; Namatame, H.; Nassani, M. Z.; Nerini, A.; Neto, F.; Neto, J.; Neves, A. N.; S. -K., Ng; Nithiya, D.; O, J.; Obeid, S.; Oda-Montecinos, C.; Olapegba, P. O.; Olonisakin, T. T.; Omar, S. S.; Orlygsdottir, B.; Ozsoy, E.; Otterbring, T.; Pahl, S.; Panasiti, M. S.; Park, Y.; Patwary, M. M.; Petho, T.; Petrova, N.; Pietschnig, J.; Pourmahmoud, S.; Prabhu, V. G.; Postuvan, V.; Prokop, P.; Ramseyer Winter, V. L.; Razmus, M.; Ru, T.; Rupar, M.; Sahlan, R. N.; Hassan, M. S.; Salov, A.; Sapkota, S.; Sarfo, J. O.; Sawamiya, Y.; Schaefer, K.; Schulte-Mecklenbeck, M.; Seekis, V.; Selvi, K.; Sharifi, M.; Shrivastava, A.; Siddique, R. F.; Sigurdsson, V.; Silkane, V.; Simunic, A.; Singh, G.; Slezackova, A.; Sundgot-Borgen, C.; Ten Hoor, G.; Tevichapong, P.; Tipandjan, A.; Todd, J.; Togas, C.; Tonini, F.; Tovar-Castro, J. C.; Trangsrud, L. K. J.; Tripathi, P.; Tudorel, O.; Tylka, T. L.; Uyzbayeva, A.; Vally, Z.; Vanags, E.; Vega, L. D.; Vicente-Arruebarrena, A.; Vidal-Mollon, J.; Vilar, R.; Villegas, H.; Vintila, M.; Wallner, C.; White, M. P.; Whitebridge, S.; Windhager, S.; Wong, K. Y.; Yau, E. K.; Yamamiya, Y.; Yeung, V. W. L.; Zanetti, M. C.; Zawisza, M.; Zeeni, N.; Zvarikova, M.; Voracek, M.

doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.07.010

The Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) is a widely used measure of a core facet of the positive body image construct. However, extant research concerning measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across a large number of nations remains limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset - with data collected between 2020 and 2022 - to assess measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated that full scalar invariance was upheld across all nations, languages, gender identities, and age groups, suggesting that the unidimensional BAS-2 model has widespread applicability. There were large differences across nations and languages in latent body appreciation, while differences across gender identities and age groups were negligible-to-small. Additionally, greater body appreciation was significantly associated with higher life satisfaction, being single (versus being married or in a committed relationship), and greater rurality (versus urbanicity). Across a subset of nations where nation-level data were available, greater body appreciation was also significantly associated with greater cultural distance from the United States and greater relative income inequality. These findings suggest that the BAS-2 likely captures a near-universal conceptualisation of the body appreciation construct, which should facilitate further cross-cultural research.

Body appreciation around the world: Measurement invariance of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age / Swami V., Tran U.S., Stieger S., Aavik T., Ranjbar H.A., Adebayo S.O., Afhami R., Ahmed O., Aime A., Akel M., Halbusi H.A., Alexias G., Ali K.F., Alp-Dal N., Alsalhani A.B., Alvares-Solas S., Amaral A.C.S., Andrianto S., Aspden T., Argyrides M., et al.. - In: BODY IMAGE. - ISSN 1740-1445. - ELETTRONICO. - 46:(2023), pp. 449-466. [10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.07.010]