International perspectives for guidance and career counseling: Between research and professional practice in the 21st century

This contribution aims at offering international perspectives for guidance and career counseling for research and professional practices in the 21st century. Delineating the evolution of the construct and practices of guidance and career counseling up to the end of the 20th century, the contribution presents the stages of the evolution of the constructs and practices in the 21st century: the first stage, the passage from the first stage to the second stage, the concepts of the period that prepares the third one, until the third stage of the 21st century, introducing the need for a fourth paradigm for guidance and career counseling in the 21st century. New perspectives are delineated for research and professional practices in the 21st century.