Comparison of local ecological knowledge versus camera trapping to establish terrestrial wildlife baselines in community hunting territories within the Yangambi landscape in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Baseline population data are fundamental to the development of wildlife management plans and areusually generated based on field surveys using sampling tools such as camera traps (CT). However, thismethod can be costly and ineffective with rare species or in wildlife-depleted areas. An alternative is tocomplement baseline wildlife population data with Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK)-based methods.We compared LEK and CT surveys in terms of their capacity to assess the status of terrestrial mammalspecies (richness, abundance, distribution) in the Yangambi landscape of the Democratic Republic ofCongo. This region is heavily hunted and wildlife population densities are low. Species not captured byCT included naturally rare and endangered species that were instead recorded by interviewed hunters.LEK and CT abundance metrics were positively related for all species. For all medium- and large-sized species, the number of positive sites from LEK outnumbered the number of positive sites fromthe CT survey, indicating that hunters detected species over larger areas. Overall, our comparisonsuggests that LEK and CT methods can be used interchangeably to provide reliable information onrelative abundance. Nevertheless, LEK appears as a more cost- effective alternative to camera trapping,particularly for hunted and depleted tropical forests.