Ceramics investigation: research questions and sampling criteria

Ceramics are a key indicator for the study of cultural heritage: - A valuable technological indicator because (a) ceramics mark the passage from the simple exploitation to the complex control of fire; (b) they represent the first pyrotechnological product of a certain complexity; and (c) they are able of triggering the development of other technologies such as those involving the processing of metal and glass. - A valuable socio-economic indicator because (a) ceramics are brought into the houses of both poor and wealthy families; (b) they provide evidence of trade routes and cultural exchange; and (c) they are able to pass on significant information about the evolution of aesthetic taste as well as dietary habits through the centuries. - A valuable chronological indicator because (a) their comparative study can provide accurate dating; (b) they can provide absolute dates by thermo-luminescence testing; and (c) they enable the dating of other materials found in stratigraphic association. In this framework, research questions are discussed according to the different steps of a typical research project in progress: from the individuation of the archaeological site or area, to the selection of the ceramic types to be investigated and the samples to be taken for the analyses. It is proposed that research questions should contribute to the reconstruction of a "big picture" covering wide and complex issues such as the circulation of a specific type of goods within large geographic areas and/or the diachronic evolution of production technology. It can be demonstrated that farsighted strategy in research planning can provide material for preliminary articles that satisfy professional obligations to publish periodically while also laying the groundwork for truly important contributions to the field. The distinct fields of provenance, technology, function, use, chronology and conservation are briefly reviewed in order to provide an introductory framework to the following contributions of this Topical Collection. As for research design, the aim here is to reaffirm the importance of typology and contextualization as the basis for all studies undertaken. Finally, it is demonstrated that true multidisciplinary collaboration, rather than working in silos according to different specializations, provides the best approach to obtaining accurate and meaningful results.