Smart City Development as Public Entrepreneurship: An In-Depth Case Study of Mayoral Action Based on Actor-Network Theory

This article examines how mayors in Belgium facilitate smart city development through interactions with actors in public administrations, businesses, and civil society. By applying public entrepreneurship and actor-network theories, it explores actions mayors can take to establish urban innovation networks. The research reveals mayors’ crucial role in translating initial ambiguous smart city ideas into public programs shared and implemented by diverse multiple stake- holders. They do so by providing a strategic vision, managing municipal administrations’ institutional environment, and mobilizing public support. These findings underscore mayors’ significance in shaping collective innovation narratives, institutional contexts, and promoting democratic participation in smart city development.