Simulation of the energy performance of building archetypes according to Italian regulations, with the identification of up-grading solutions based on cost-benefit analysis in relation to climate change

Starting from the legislation on energy consumption and economic incentives, the energy performance of archetypes related to social housing detached multifamily buildings representative of the national building stock from the postwar period to the 1990s have been simulated. In order to perform energy and economic simulations, three reference periods were taken into account: 2006-35 (short term), 2036-65 (midterm), and 2066-95 (long term). The study focused on central Italy, specifically the climatic zone D of Tuscany, which is the most representative in the region and has interesting characteristics for climate change hypothetical, as it is typical of the temperate Mediterranean climate. Five efficiency strategies have been analysed: Opaque envelope insulation and window replacement; Hybrid system installation; Hybrid system installation powered by photovoltaic; Opaque envelope insulation, window replacement and hybrid system installation; Opaque envelope insulation, window replacement and hybrid system installation powered by photovoltaic. The results of the study have made it possible to identify the most effective building and plant energy retrofitting solutions, both in terms of the effects of climate change and of economic incentives, in order to meet the new energy classification requirements and greenhouse gas emissions neutralization.