Potential Vitamin E Signaling Mediators in Skeletal Muscle

settingsOrder Article Reprints Open AccessReview Potential Vitamin E Signaling Mediators in Skeletal Muscle by Elisabetta Meacci 1,2,*ORCID,Antony Chirco 1 andMercedes Garcia-Gil 3ORCID 1 Department of Experimental and clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Firenze, Italy 2 Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University of Florence, 50134 Firenze, Italy 3 Department of Biology, Unit of Physiology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Antioxidants 2024, 13(11), 1383; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13111383 Submission received: 14 September 2024 / Revised: 4 November 2024 / Accepted: 11 November 2024 / Published: 13 November 2024 (This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced in Antioxidant Signalling Mediators/Effectors in Skeletal Muscle Disorders) Downloadkeyboard_arrow_down Browse Figures Versions Notes Abstract Vitamin E (Vit E) deficiency studies underline the relevance of this vitamin in skeletal muscle (SkM) homeostasis. The knowledge of the effectors and modulators of Vit E action in SkM cells is limited, especially in aging and chronic diseases characterized by a decline in musculoskeletal health. Vit E comprises eight fat-soluble compounds grouped into tocopherols and tocotrienols, which share the basic chemical structure but show different biological properties and potentials to prevent diseases. Vit E has antioxidant and non-antioxidant activities and both favorable and adverse effects depending on the specific conditions and tissues. In this review, we focus on the actual knowledge of Vit E forms in SkM functions and new potential signaling effectors (i.e., bioactive sphingolipids and myokines). The possible advantages of Vit E supplementation in counteracting SkM dysfunctions in sarcopenia and under microgravity will also be discussed.