Overqualification unreveled: a multidimensional and fuzzy set analysis

This paper proposes a multidimensional and fuzzy set approach for measuring occupational mismatch, testing human capital theory and social closure theory. We propose to use a fuzzy indicator in the range [−1, 1] for each item to quantify the extent of occupational mismatch, which is then used in a factor analysis to identify two dimensions: coherence and satisfaction. Our fndings suggest that the multidimensional and fuzzy set approach provides an informative and accurate picture of overqualifcation, so to disentangle properly the components of job satisfaction and coherence. The fuzzy indicator approach allows for a more nuanced understanding of the concept of occupational mismatch, by accounting for the imprecision and uncertainty inherent in the measurement of this construct. Overall, our study contributes to a better understanding of overqualifcation and provides a useful methodology for its measurement. The range of the fuzzy indicator highlights the complexity of occupational mismatch and can inform future research in this area.