Evaluating Biomechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of Masticatory Muscles in Temporomandibular Disorders: A Patient-Centric Approach Using MyotonPRO Measurements

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is essential for chewing and speaking functions, as well as for making facial expressions. However, this joint can be affected by disorders, known as temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), induced by complex causes that lead to limitations in daily activities. Building on the methodology and findings from our previous study on TMJ function, our research aims to apply the established criteria and norms to patients with TMDs. The primary goal is to evaluate the applicability and clinical relevance of these reference norms in predicting the severity and progression of TMJ disorders within a clinical population. Using non-invasive myotonic measurements, we evaluated 157 subjects, including both non-TMD-affected and TMD-affected individuals. To achieve optimal results, five primary parameters (frequency, stiffness, decrement, relaxation time, and creep) were analyzed using statistical–physical tools, providing quantitative functionality degrees across different previously examined clinical groups. The obtained results identified significant quantitative markers for early diagnosis and personalized treatment of TMJ disorders. This interdisciplinary approach leads to a deeper understanding of TMJ dysfunctions and makes a meaningful contribution to clinical practice, providing more precise tools for managing and treating this complex condition.