Potential use of drones and ICT in livestock farming to deal with environmental sustainability

The need to improve environmental sustainability and reduce nutrient losses in livestock farming is driving the adoption of ICT-based tools in animal production. The utilization of advanced sensor networks, data analytics and precision farming techniques holds the promise of enabling real-time, granular monitoring of both animal and environmental performances. Integrating ICT with intelligent decision support systems would, therefore, optimize resource utilization while minimizing the environmental impact of farming activities. The objective of this study was to offer insights into the potential use of drone-based techniques and ICT in the environmental assessment of farms. This was based on the findings of a literature analysis and the results of a research project focused on developing a drone-based system for identifying on-farm gas and dust emissions. The system incorporated prototype multi-sensor systems for measuring CH4, CO2, NH3, PM2.5, and PM10 at ground level and during flight. A real-time system for collecting, storing, and visualizing data was developed. Additionally, modelling tools for quantifying and mapping emissions were selected and tested. The results of this study showed that, despite the existence of theoretical models and sensor technologies enabling the rapid measurement, estimation, and mapping of gas and dust emissions at the farm level, the system requires optimization to ensure reliable results. The development of effective ICT tools relies significantly on lightweight and highly accurate sensors. Additionally, it involves testing and selecting suitable methods for quantifying emissions in environments marked by multiple sources of emissions and turbulence.