Epigenetics in autoimmune diseases: Unraveling the hidden regulators of immune dysregulation

Autoimmune diseases result from complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Recent advances in epigenetic research shed light on the intricate regulatory mechanisms that contribute to the development and progression of such conditions. The present review aims to explore the role of epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, in the context of autoimmune diseases. We discuss the current understanding of epigenetic alterations associated with various autoimmune disorders, their impact on immune cell function, and their potential as innovative therapeutic targets. Additionally, we highlight the main future directions in the field of epigenetics in autoimmunity.