Food system strategies to increase grain legume-cereal intercropping in Europe

Intercropping has garnered renewed attention in Europe as an agroecological practice to enhance environmental sustainability. Interest in plant-based proteins by increasing human consumption of legumes is gaining traction. Legume-cereal intercropping for dual seed production could offer environmental and economic advantages. However, barriers hinder widespread adoption by farmers. This study analyzes the results of seven focus groups with 220 diverse stakeholders. Barriers, enabling factors, and strategies for the adoption of grain legume-cereal intercropping were assessed to determine food system transition strategies. The five strategies for intercropping support related to farm, food, advice, governance, and network systems. Farmer-led, institutionally supported, and research-informed advice systems, effective governance, and increased networking would enable strategic pathways for regional food and feed production through intercropping.