Cost-effective task trainers for mastering drill handling in pediatric intraosseous procedure

Background: Intraosseous (IO) access is a life-saving procedure when intravenous access is impossible in pediatric emergencies. Proficiency in IO technique, particularly drill handling, patient positioning, and site identification, is essential to minimize complications and improve outcomes. Methods: To address the high cost and limited accessibility of commercial simulators, low-cost task trainers were developed using 3D printing and silicone casting. These trainers focused on drill handling, allowing trainees to progressively acquire procedural skills. Results: Initial validation was conducted with experts at Meyer Children's Hospital during a European Pediatric Immediate Life Support (EPILS) course. Structured feedback indicated high satisfaction with tactile realism and educational value. Based on this feedback, a second prototype with a fluid simulation system was implemented to enhance realism further. Nursing professionals, often first responders in emergencies, particularly benefited from the improved version, reporting increased confidence and competence. Conclusion: The cost-effective IO task trainers offer a scalable, realistic alternative to commercial models, expanding access to essential training. Their affordability and usability make them suitable for diverse healthcare settings, enhancing preparedness for pediatric emergencies.