A 3D Model-Based Standardized Procedure for Evaluating Condylar Displacement in Mandibular Reconstruction

Mandibular reconstruction, particularly with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement, is a challenging procedure where precise evaluation of condylar displacement is critical for assessing functional and anatomical outcomes. The complexity of this evaluation stems from anatomical variability, surgical techniques, and post-surgical changes, making consistent and reliable assessments difficult. To address this issue, we developed an innovative, standardized procedure for the evaluation of condylar displacement following mandibular reconstruction. The proposed procedure starts from biomedical image analysis and integrates precise segmentation with an innovative standardized alignment technique, ensuring reproducibility across different reconstructive approaches, regardless of the surgical method used. This procedure was validated through a retrospective study of 18 patients, employing a consistent 3D model reconstruction and analysis workflow. The results demonstrate that the developed procedure provides a reliable framework for comparing different reconstructive methods, regardless of whether they employ CAD/AM techniques or conventional approaches, offering a repeatable and adaptable approach for assessing mandibular reconstruction outcomes. This methodology lays the groundwork for future improvements in surgical planning and post-operative evaluation, ultimately contributing to the optimization of both functional and aesthetic results in mandibular reconstruction.