Simulation of pediatric surgical tracheotomy: Development of a high-fidelity modular task trainer

Background: Pediatric surgical tracheotomy is a high-risk procedure demanding specialized training due to the unique anatomical and physiological characteristics of children. A key challenge in surgical education is the limited availability of high-fidelity simulators that provide a safe environment for skill development. Methods: We developed an innovative pediatric task trainer for surgical tracheotomy using 3D printing and silicone casting. This simulator features a modular design with a replaceable cartridge replicating critical anatomical structures, including the trachea, thyroid gland, cervical fascia, vessels, and musculature. To enhance realism, it also simulates bleeding upon incision. Results: Expert physicians evaluated the trainer’s anatomical accuracy, procedural realism, and overall training effectiveness. Feedback was highly positive, confirming that the device closely replicates pediatric tracheotomy conditions and offers a realistic training experience. Conclusion: The positive expert feedback highlights the simulator's potential as a valuable tool for improving surgical proficiency and reducing the risk of complications in live procedures. This task trainer represents a significant advancement in pediatric airway management training and an essential asset for surgical simulation.