Distribuzione ed evoluzione dei caratteri di copertura del suolo in Val di Pesa (2007-2019). Tendenze della specializzazione agricola e forme emergenti di artificializzazione

This study analyzes Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) changes in Val di Pesa, Tuscany, Italy, between 2007 and 2019, utilizing Corine Land Cover (CLC) data and the Land Cover Flows (LCF) model. Understanding LULC dynamics is crucial for assessing landscape structure, ecological health, and supporting sustainable development policies. Val di Pesa’s territory (approx. 32,000 ha) is predominantly composed of agricultural (48%) and natural/semi-natural (42%) surfaces, with distinct north-south morphological differences.The region exhibits high dynamism, with 5% of its surface changing LULC classification in 12 years, significantly higher than the 3% regional average. Artificial surfaces increased by 2.26% (approx. 60 ha), primarily converting natural (75%) and agricultural (25%) areas. The most prevalent transformations (representing over 85% of total changes in Val di Pesa) were internal to agricultural areas, driven by a clear trend towards crop specialization. Notably, vineyards expanded by 6% (320 ha), replacing mixed cultivation systems and olive groves.While Land Take (creation of new artificial surfaces) is quantitatively marginal (2% of total changes) compared to the regional average, its specific manifestations are significant, revealing a progressive ‘domestication’ of rural spaces. This includes expansion for energy production, agricultural accessory structures, and notably, tourism-related infrastructures like swimming pools (45 documented cases, 15 ha). These changes, though gradual, profoundly alter the region’s landscape identity and impact water resources, underscoring the need for careful sustainable planning.