The green logistics maturity model for evaluating sustainable logistics practices

The growing concern about the environmental impact of industrial processes highlights the need for sustainable practices in supply chain management and logistics. Maturity Models (MMs) are widely used to evaluate the development of entities through continuous improvement, addressing sustainability assessment and enhancements. Literature proposes MMs for evaluating green practices in logistics. However, the MMs available do not follow systematic design, and they lack proper validation and application. This study introduces the Green Logistics Maturity (GreLoM) model to evaluate and improve green logistics practices within organizations. Using structured methodologies for maturity modeling, the five-level GreLoM model is based on four dimensions of resource management, process management, network management, and sustainable reporting, each one with relevant sub-dimensions and items. The model was developed using a hybrid approach that combines analysis of existing logistics MMs and semi-structured interviews with expert practitioners. The GreLoM model was validated through content validity and reliability analysis, assessed by a balanced pool of industry experts and academic researchers. After validation, the GreLoM model was applied descriptively, comparatively, and prescriptively in two case studies using a structured questionnaire weighing respondents' feedback by their knowledge with the process and years of experience. The results demonstrate the utility and practicality of the GreLoM model, suggesting that its adoption can support the transition to a low-emission industry, aligning with global sustainability goals. The model assesses the maturity of green logistics practices and promotes a culture of continuous improvement by comparing model application results with practitioners' perceptions of improvement areas. Thus, the GreLoM model can be a valuable tool for practitioners aiming for low emissions and for researchers focused on green logistics assessment and sustainable maturity modeling.