Investigating the relationship between health literacy, sociodemographic factors, and alcohol consumption patterns: Findings from the Italian surveillance system PASSI

Aim This study examined data from a representative sample of Tuscan residents aged 18-69 years in order to investigate the relationship between health literacy (HL), other sociodemographic factors, and their influence on binge and consistent heavy drinking among the general population in Tuscany. Subject and methods The study examined data gathered from 2017 to 2022 from a subset of the Tuscan population within the Italian Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System known as PASSI (Progressi delle Aziende Sanitarie per la Salute in Italia). Results Among the 12,953 respondents, 8.49% reported engaging in binge drinking, and 3.53% were classified as consistent heavy drinkers. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that participants over 34 years of age, Italians, those with low educational attainment, and those with problematic or inadequate HL levels had higher odds of consistent heavy alcohol consumption. In contrast, females, individuals over 34 years of age, and those of foreign nationality were less likely to engage in binge drinking. While low health literacy was independently associated with consistent heavy drinking, it was not associated with binge drinking. Conclusion This study reveals distinct factors influencing alcohol consumption. Given that HL affects only consistent heavy drinking, it is advisable for policymakers to focus on HL initiatives tailored to this specific group. On the other hand, campaigns designed to enhance HL with the goal of curbing binge drinking are unlikely to significantly influence the population.