Real-Time Environmental Monitoring in Historical Semiconfined Spaces: A Case Study of the SENNSE IoT Deployment in Florence

This paper presents the deployment and evaluation of the SENNSE platform, an IoT-based solution combining distributed environmental sensors and 3D digital twin integration. SENNSE was implemented in the Grotta degli Animali, a semiconfined 16th-century grotto in Florence, Italy. The platform continuously monitored temperature, humidity, enabling spatially contextualized data analysis through immersive visualization. Exploratory analysis revealed zone-specific microclimatic responses, and there were remarkable humidity responses to water activation in the Lion tub, emphasizing the need for adaptive, localized conservation measures. SENNSE demonstrates how real-time sensing, linked to interactive spatial models, can enhance conservation decision-making and support proactive heritage management.