Dalla Carta di Venezia ai Digital Twins: il cambio di paradigma nella documentazione del patrimonio costruito

The final article of the Venice Charter requires a thorough documentation of conservation, restoration, and excavation work. The use of the adjective "rigorous" is not redundant, as emphasised by Piero Gazzola and Roberto Pane's contribution to the II International Congress of Restoration. They proposed an evolution of the Italian Charter of 1932 as the new Charter. Despite its seemingly marginal weight in the Charter, documentation has had a significant impact on the current concept of digitally documenting architectural heritage. Hans Foramitti and Maurice Carbonell's contributions proposed the creation of photogrammetric image archives as documentation to be used for monitoring or in case of destruction. Their vision led in 1968 to the establishment of CIPA-HD, an organization jointly set up by ICO-MOS and ISPRS. Today, CIPA-HD applies the latest digital technologies to catalogue, conserve, and document all forms of cultural heritage. This documentation is essential also for prevention of anthropogenic and natural hazards, including those resulting from climate change. Keywords 3D Documentation, Spatial data, Spatial humanities.