Endometriosis and comorbidities: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications

Endometriosis, traditionally viewed as a gynecological condition, is increasingly recognized as a systemic disease due to its frequent association with inflammatory and autoimmune comorbidities. Recent molecular and genetic insights reveal dysregulated hormone receptor signaling, heightened inflammatory responses, and immune dysfunction as central drivers of disease progression. These discoveries offer compelling explanations for extra-pelvic symptoms and open up avenues for targeted diagnostics and therapies. This review integrates emerging evidence to highlight endometriosis as a multisystem disorder, underscoring the need for multidisciplinary care. By redefining endometriosis beyond reproductive health, this perspective encourages a broader, systemic view of women's health and fosters innovation in precision medicine.