Lithogeomorphological factors for wet meadows formation and sustenance in dryland setting in Domuyo mount, Patagonia, Argentina

Understanding the importance of wet meadows in dryland settings, which play a crucial role as a primary and sometimes unique resource of drinking water supply, is essential for their preservation and management. This study focuses on conducting a detailed examination of the geomorphological processes shaping the genesis of wet meadows in a hydrothermal area. The aim of this work is to assess the influence of lithogeomorphological factors for the formation and sustenance of wet meadows in dryland settings in Patagonia, Argentina. The investigation made possible the identification of geoforms of glacial and volcanic origin, along with substantial mass-wasting processes that have significantly influenced the landscape and hydrological system dynamics. The high peaks act as aquifer recharge zones, with meltwater infiltration through fissures controlled by the structuring of lithostratigraphic units. Intermontane wet meadows at stream headwaters exhibit steep slopes and elongated morphologies, predominantly generated on hillside deposits. Conversely, wet meadows in the lower basin develop on landslides and rock avalanches deposits displaying extensive surface coverage of low slopes. The geomorphological deposits described constitute an effective medium for water storage and are the main sustenance of the wet meadows in the Domuyo mount area, as well as being significant for the contribution to the streams and rivers that flow towards down watersheds. This study highlights the strong relationship between geomorphology, lithology, and structures in modelling the hydrological system of the Domuyo mount area. Moreover, the finding emphasizes the role of wet meadows as critical freshwater sources for local populations, native fauna, livestock, and irrigation, reinforcing the need for their preservation in these fragile environments.